被动语态（含练习及答案）----九年级

一、定义：

当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词要用被动形式，即当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或动作的执行者不太明确时，要用被动语态。如果有必要可以用by指出动作的执行者。

The streets are cleaned by the cleaners every day.

The old people are looked after well.

English is taught in our school.

二、构成：

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中be有人称、数和时态的变化，变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。因此，在进行句型转换时，也是在基后加上not, 构成否定句， 把它提到句首构成一般疑问句。

具体分为以下以种情况：

①一般现在时的被动语态：

am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词

English is spoken all over the world.

Russian isn’t taught in our school.

②一般过去时的被动语态：

was/were+及物动词的过去分词

The telephone was invented in 1876.

③一般将来时的被动语态：

will be+及物动词的过去分词

A new school will be built in the city next year.

be going to+及物动词的过去分词

Is the work going to be finished next week?

④现在进行时的被动语态：

am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

The new film is being made now by the famous director.

⑤过去进行时的被动语态：

was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词

The room was being painted when I arrived there.

⑥现在完成时的被动语态：

have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词

I have been invited to the party by the host.

⑦过去完成时的被动语态：

had+been+及物动词的过去分词

The door had been opened when I got there.

⑧过去将来时的被动语态：

would/should+be+及物动词的过去分词

He said the old house would be pulled down soon.

⑨含有情态动词的被动语态：

情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom must be cleaned once every day.

三、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

①找到主动语态的宾语，放在句首作主语。

②把主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”的形式，be的形式要与被动语态的主语保持一致，时态要与原句一致。

③如果有必要，把主动语态的主语改为by短语的形式放在后面来表明动词的执行者,然后把句子的其他成分写在后面.

 

He plants thousands of trees every year.

Thousands of trees are planted by him every year.

四、需要注意的问题：

①只有能带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词如dance, sing, happen,come，stand, sit, lie, die,等没有被动语态。

②当主动语态有双宾语时，根据需要可以用“人”来做被动语态的主语，也可以用“物”来做被动语态的主语，但如果用“物”来做主语，应该在“人”前加上相应的介词。

He gave me a book yesterday afternoon.

I was given a book (by him) yesterday afternoon.

A book was given to me (by him) yesterday afternoon.

③ 当主动语态的句中有省略to的动词不定式做宾补时，在变为被动语态时要加上to。常接动词原型做宾语补足语的动词有let, have, make, watch, see, hear等。

We heard her sing in her room last Sunday.

She was heard to sing in her room last Sunday.

④主动语态的宾语是从句时，变为被动语态时常用it代替，用“It is+过去分词+从句”的形式表达。常用于这种句式的词有said,believe, report, suggest, known等。

He said that the new movie was very exciting.

It was said that the new movie was very exciting.

⑤有些动词常用主动形式表过被动的意义，如write,sell,say,cost,taste, sound,feel等。

The new pen writes well.

The delicious cakes sell well.

The sign says “No talking”.

 

 

 

跟踪练习

一、用正确的动词形式填空。

1.Many everyday products ________________(make) in China.

2.It’s not right to buy things ______________(make) of ivory.

3.Would you like some chicken?  It _______________(taste) delicious.

4.Rice ________________(grow) in the south of China.

5.Who ______________(invent) the telephone?  Do you know?

6.A new bridge __________________(build) over the river last years.

7.The classroom must __________________(clean) after school every day.

8.We ____________________(allow) to eat in the classroom.

9.The speech ______________________(give) by Mr Green tomorrow.

10.I used to ____________(stay) up late, but now I’m used to __________(get) up early.

二、语态转换练习（1--6转为被动语态，7--10转为主动语态）。

1.Many people speak Chinese around the world.

2.Do they celebrate the Spring Festival in the United States?

3.We sang an English song at the beginning of the class.

4.Did you clean the room yesterday?

5.When did Bell invent the telephone?

6.You can finish the work tomorrow.

7.A new watch was bought by me yesterday.

8.He’s often heard to sing by me in his room.

9.The picture was drawn by the famous artist.

10.The flowers can be watered once a week.

三、改错。

1.The teacher is loving by her students.

2.Ann invited to the party but she didn’t come.

3.The story is sounded very interesting.

4.Smoking doesn’t allowed in public now.

5.The Child without parents is taken good care in our school.

四、将下列中文译成英文。

1.中国南方种植茶叶。

2.那里许多东西是中国制造的。

3.窗户必须每周擦一次。

4.这所学校是村民们去年修建的。

5.篮球赛要在下周举行。

 

 

 

练习答案

一、

1.are made    2.made   3.tastes   4.is grown   5.invented   6.was built   7be cleaned   8.are allowed   9.will be given   10.stay, getting

二、

1.Chinese is spoken by many people around the world.

2.Is the Spring Festival is celebrated in the United States?

3.An English song was sung by us at the beginning of the class.

4.Was the room cleaned by you yesterday?

5.When was the telephone invented by Bell?

6.The work can be finished tomorrow.

7.I bought a new watch yesterday.

8.I often hear him sing in his room.

9.The famous artist drew the picture.

10.You/We can water the flowers once a week.

三、

1.The teacher is loved by her students.

2.Ann was invited to the party but she didn’t come.

3.The story sounds very interesting.

6.Smoking isn’t allowed in public now.

7.The Child without parents is taken good care of in our school.

四、

1.Tea is grown in the south of China.

2.A lot of thing there are made in China.

3.The windows must be cleaned once a week.

4.The school was built by the villagers last year.

5.The basketball match will be held next week.