续航里程焦虑可以通过提高电动汽车的续航里程，或显著减少给汽车充电所需的时间来解决。同时解决这两个问题的最佳选择之一是采用800伏特的架构。这就是为什么这一步如此重要。

新闻报道：如果800伏特的架构是电动汽车的圣杯，那么为什么很少有汽车制造商使用它呢？

2022年4月9日，10：33·克里斯蒂安·阿加提

电动汽车将是ICE汽车的一个可行的替代品。最大的问题之一是里程焦虑。电动汽车制造商已经为这个问题提供了几种解决方案。其中之一是安装更大的电池来提高里程，所有的缺点都来自此。其中包括高成本，还有增加的重量和较低的效率。

另一种方法是缩短充电时间，这将有效地让电动汽车车主减少使用充电器的时间。如果这个时间足够低，电动汽车就可以用同样的方式充电，正如ICE只需要几分钟加油。这使得这个里程就不那么重要了，只要快速直流充电站的密度足够高，不用担心电池耗尽。大多数电动汽车制造商都选择了这样做，或者是两者的结合。

减少充电时间被认为是电动汽车的圣杯，科学家们正努力使用不同的技术来实现这一目标。你的电动汽车在需要充电的时间，就如司机喝一杯咖啡，那就足够诱人了。科学家们已经试图通过改进电池技术或采用量子充电来降低充电时间。

800伏特的架构是电动汽车的圣杯

另一种方法是采用更高电压的架构。目前大多数电动汽车，包括所有的特斯拉汽车，都使用400伏的架构，但保时捷Taycan采用了一个800伏特的架构。Taycan在推出时并没有给人留下深刻印象，但800伏特的系统被优化为快速充电和高效率。这不是偶然的，保时捷的灵感来自于其LMP-1赛车，它采用了更高的电压架构。

800伏特的架构：有什么优点？

在我们讨论使用更高电压架构的主要好处之前，让我们来谈谈大多数电动汽车制造商至今仍在使用的400伏特系统。这可以追溯到混合动力车，像丰田普锐斯这样的插电式是第一批电动汽车，电动马达和电池使用的是400伏特的系统，所以，第一批电动汽车自然也采用了这个系统。这个400伏特的系统也与现有的电气基础设施兼容。

切换到一个800伏特的系统，效率发生了一个很大的跳跃。Lucid Air已经证明了这一点，这是目前有史以来最高效的电动汽车。Lucid使用了一个924伏特的系统。实际上，这也是Lucid Air公司能够实现其520英里里程的原因之一。有这样高的电压可以用较低的电流提供相同量的功率，这意味着动力系统的损失较小。

同时，较低的电流意味着在电气系统中可以使用更薄的电线，而在电机中可以使用更少的铜，从而进一步减轻重量。越高的电压允许越高的电压充电速度，因为较低的电流降低了充电电缆和相关硬件的过热。

为什么现在很少有电动汽车制造商使用800伏特的架构呢？

目前，除了保时捷Taycan和其他建立在同一平台上的车型，如奥迪e-tronGT，只有Lucid Air、现代Ioniq5和起亚EV6使用800伏的架构。现代汽车集团的车辆展示了如何在不影响价格的情况下，将更高压的方式应用到更实惠的车型。现代Ioniq5和起亚EV6有了不起的充电速度，当连接到一个快速的350kW直流充电器时，可以在5分钟内再充电68英里（108公里）。

800伏特的架构是电动汽车的圣杯

800伏特系统的采用率提高的障碍之一是充电站本身。只有少数提供800伏的充电，大多数是Tritium, Ionity, 以及Electrify America网络。800伏特的汽车仍然可以受益于该系统更高的效率，只是当它插入一个400伏特的车站时，它的充电速度不会那么快。

尽管目前的采用很有限，但从现在开始将迅速发展。Rivian和通用汽车公司已经表示，他们将在即将推出的产品中采用更高的电压架构。沃尔沃与斯泰兰蒂斯也将在未来的产品中使用该技术。大多数中国电动汽车制造商，包括XPeng、Nio、Li Auto和BYD也纷纷加入进来。

根据Automotive News咨询的供应商，采用率将迅速提高。到2025年，进入市场的大多数应用程序将使用800伏特的技术。到2030年，高电压结构将成为市场的主导。

Range anxiety can be tackled either by improving an EV’s range or by significantly cutting down the time needed to recharge the car. One of the best options to address both at the same time is to adopt an 800-volt architecture. Here’s why this step is so important.

If 800-Volt Architecture Is the Holy Grail of EVs, Why Do So Few Carmakers Use It?

Home > News > Coverstory9 Apr 2022, 10:33 UTC · by Cristian Agatie

The 800-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVsThe 800-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVsThe 800-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVsThe 800-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVsThe 800-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVs

Electric vehicles will take over the world, but before they do this, they need to convince a lot of people they are a viable alternative to ICE cars. One of the biggest issues is range anxiety and EV makers have offered several solutions to the problem. One of them is installing bigger batteries to improve the range, with all the downsides that derive from this. Among them are the high costs, but also the higher weight and the lower efficiency that comes with it.

Another way is to shorten the charging time, which will effectively allow an EV owner to spend less time at the charger. If this time is low enough, an EV could be charged pretty much the same way as an ICE is refueled, in a couple of minutes. This makes the range less important, as long as the density of fast DC charging stations is high enough to not worry about running out of battery. It turns out that most EV makers have chosen this path or a combination of both.

Reducing the charging time is considered the holy grail of EVs and scientists are scrambling to get there using different technologies. The perspective of having your EV topped up in the time it takes the driver to drink one coffee is enticing enough. Scientists have tried lowering the charging time by improving battery technology or by adopting quantum charging. These are still years in the making, so don’t expect an EV to benefit anytime soon.

The 800\-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVs

Another way is by adopting a higher-voltage architecture. Most current electric vehicles, including all Tesla vehicles, use a 400-volt architecture, but Porsche Taycan surprised everyone when it was launched with an 800-volt architecture. Taycan did not impress with its range when it was launched, but the 800-volt system was optimized for fast charging and efficiency. It’s not by chance that the 800-volt system was adopted by a sports car manufacturer. Porsche took inspiration from its LMP-1 race car, which used the higher voltage architecture.

The 800-volt architecture: what are the advantages?

Before we discuss the major benefits of using a higher voltage architecture, let’s talk about the 400-volt system that most EV makers still use today. This can be traced back to the time when hybrid vehicles like Toyota Prius were the first electrified vehicles. Their electric motors and batteries used the 400-volt system, so, naturally, the first electric vehicles adopted this system as well. The 400-volt system was also compatible with the existing electrical infrastructure.

The switch to an 800-volt system allows for a big efficiency jump. Lucid already demonstrated that with the Air, which is currently the most efficient electric car ever made. Lucid uses a 924-volt system actually, and it’s one of the reasons Lucid Air was able to achieve its 520-mile range. Having such a high voltage allows for supplying the same amount of power with a lower current, which means fewer losses to heat in the power system.

At the same time, lower current means that thinner wires can be used in the electric system and less copper in the electric motors, reducing weight even further. The higher voltage allows for a higher charging speed because the lower current reduces the overheating in the charging cables and associated hardware. The power loss increases exponentially with heat, so you see why this is a big deal. Lastly, faster-charging speeds allow for more efficient energy recovery during braking, so more of the lost energy goes back into the battery and less into the air as heat.

Why do so few EV makers use an 800-volt architecture today?

Currently, besides the Porsche Taycan and the other models built on the same platform, like the Audi e-tron GT, only Lucid Air, Hyundai Ioniq 5, and Kia EV6 use the 800-volt architecture. The Hyundai Group’s vehicles demonstrated how the higher voltage approach can be scaled down to more affordable models, without affecting the price. Hyundai Ioniq 5 and Kia EV6 have great charging speeds and can add 68 miles of charge (108 km) in five minutes when connected to a fast 350-kW DC charger.

The 800\-volt architecture is the holy grail of EVs

One of the barriers to a larger adoption rate for the 800-volt systems is the charging stations themselves. Only a handful of them offer 800-volt charging, most of them on Tritium, Ionity, and Electrify America networks. An 800-volt vehicle could still benefit from the higher efficiency of the system, it just won’t charge as fast when plugged into a 400-volt station.

Despite limited adoption at the moment, things will move fast from now on. Rivian and General Motors have indicated they will adopt the higher voltage architecture with the upcoming products. Volvo and Stellantis also will use the technology for future products. And most Chinese EV makers are on-board too, including XPeng, Nio, Li Auto, and BYD.

According to suppliers consulted by Automotive News, the adoption rate will increase fast. In 2025, the majority of applications coming into the market will use 800-volt technology. By the end of the decade, the higher voltage architectures will become dominant in the market.

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