【New words and expressions】（9）

★versus   prep. 对 (对抗的概念)

vs.…对…（versus的缩写读音不变Have you watched the game last night? It was France versus Italy.

★Christmas    n. 圣诞节

Christmas Eve 圣诞前夜Father Christmas 圣诞老人

Santa Claus  圣诞老人(美国常用)（Santa [美]=Santa Claus）

★present    n. 礼物present = gift     礼物

★accompany     v. 陪伴, 随行

I'll accompany you to your hotel.

★approach ① v. 走近（ = come nearer and nearer ）The old man approaches 80 years old.

approach sb.     离某人越来越近

②n.途径,方法We have found an approach to success.

★ought      modal verb 应该

ought to do sth.     应该(义务上)

should do sth.       应该(我认为)

★weigh    v. 重

sb./sth. weigh +体重    ……的体重/重量是……

weight    n. 重量lose weight    减肥

★fortunate（= lucky）    adj. 幸运的

【课文讲解】

1、Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. dress up as… 装扮成为……（的样子）

dress up      打扮 a guard of honour    仪仗队

of six pretty girls中的of表示“由……组成的”

 set off    出发

2、He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

should have done     原本应该发生而没发生

needn't have done    过去不必做但是做了

ought to have done   也表示原本应该做而没做

所有的情态动词+have done都跟过去有关

3、A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.  as＝because

hold up the traffic     阻碍交通

 4、Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move.

agree to do sth. 同意做某事(to 为不定式 )

agree with sb.    同意某人（的建议等）

agree to sth.I agree to your advice.

5、Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street.

get off   从……移去/除去  （off＝away from    离开什么地方） Please get the box off the boat.

6、'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

afterwards ＝later后来

It was fortunate that…     幸运的是……

let sb. off   饶恕某人，放过……，对……从轻处理

record    n. 纪录；（警察局的）记录，历史，成绩

set up a new world record

sb. have a good record    表现一贯很好

resume     n. 摘要, 概略, <美> 履历

  vt. 再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复

【Summary writing】

1  What did he decide to take to a children's hospital? How did the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, dress up? Did he set off down the main street of the city, or did he go down a side street? Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not? (After having... and... riding)

2  Was he told that he was holding up the traffic or not? Did Jimmy agree to go at once, or not? Did Jumbo agree to go, or did he refuse to move? How many policemen had to push him off the main street? (On being…but…so…)

1 After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up as Father Christmas, he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

After的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加having done

After knocking at the door. / After having knocked at the door.decided 和 dressed 共用after having

动词ing 强调时间上的同时

2  On being told that he was holding up the traffic, he agreed to go at once, but Jumbo refused to move,so fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street.

on 加在动词前面,相当与as soon as

be 在这儿要跟done相连

【Letter Writing】

书信常见语：

I really hate to complain, but …/Some time ago, I …

【Key structures】

Must, Have to, Should and Ought to

must通常只用于现在时和将来时，其他时态则用have to代替。have to比must往往更强调客观的要求或外在的原因。should和ought to都可译为“应该”，表示义务、责任或某个正确的行为。ought to比should语气略强些，多用于肯定句；疑问句与否定结构则多用should。should/ought to +have +过去分词表示过去应该做（或完成）而没有做的事。

  He ought to have returned by now.

He had to change his plans, but he should be returning soon.

 

【Special difficulties】

带let的短语

let    vt. 允许，让

let sb. in  允许进来let sb. out 放走，释放，放出去

let off        放过，饶过，宽恕，对……从轻处理

let down   使……失望，（在紧要关头）抛弃

  dress and dress up

dress   vt.&vt. 穿衣，打扮

dress up     穿上盛装，精心打扮，装扮（成……）

  He dressed up as Father Christmas.

【Multiple choice questions】

3  Jimmy ____b___Father Christmas.

a. seemed as   b. looked like c. looked as  d. seemed

as后面要加句子, 只有在the same as结构时不加句子, 或者是as...as

Lucy is the same as her sister.

like的后面加代词或名词，表示“象……一样”

① seem后面可以直接加形容词He seemed rich.   

② seem后面会加不定式结构He seemed to be rich.

③ It seemed that… 表示某件事情看起来似乎如此

④ seem +as if从句     看起来似乎