Lesson64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道

In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.

 1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国。他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。因为如果有列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。

【New words and expressions】（13）

★tunnel   n. 隧道

channel   n. 海峡 （The Channel  英吉利海峡）

★ventilate  v. 通风★ventilation   n. 通风

Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统

（forced  adj. 被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的）

air  v. 通风Air the room, please!  给房间通通风

★double      adj. 双的

字母W 的读音就是“double u”，意为两个u 构成 w .couple，pair     两个a couple of weeks

a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜

★fear ① vt. 害怕畏惧sb. fear doing sth. 害怕做……sb. fear sth.  害怕…be afraid of  害怕……

be afraid of / fear    人做主语

② vt. 恐怕，猜想（比be afraid要正式）

fear that…     恐怕……

We fear /It is feared/ We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.

be afraid that… = I am sorry.  恐怕……（婉言谢绝）

fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightful

sth. frighten sb. = sth. scare sb.    …吓了……一跳

frighten = scare是因某件突然的事情才让某人产生了害怕的情绪，句子后边的部分是人

horrify    v. 使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇

horrified  adj. 惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的

★invasion n.入侵, 侵略invade vt. 侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤★officially    adv. 正式地

official adj.（官方）正式formally adv（一般）正式

★connect v. 连接connect sth. with/to…    把……和……连接   connect A with B  (A和B平等) connect A to B       (A连到B上去)

★European   adj. 欧洲的★continent     n. 大陆

European Continent   欧洲大陆（不包括欧洲岛国）

【课文讲解】

1、In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.

plan for +名词/动名词      ……的计划

twenty-one-mile 加连字符，用单数，作定语

2、This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.  serve as… =serve for…  起……作用，用作……，充当……

3、In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.

put forward (plan/suggestion)  提出（计划、建议等）

4、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.

suggest①  vt. 暗示，用法与其他的词相同

②  vt. 建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法“should+动词原形”（should 可省略）

insist作“坚持”讲时用法同suggest

 5、This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.  draw in   吸进，如用bring没有 draw in 形象、贴切

6、If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.

虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为would have done，would/could/should 都可以

情态动词加have done 表示对过去的推测，如must have done，can't have done等

【Summary writing】

1  Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which…)

4  Did work begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though…because)

5  When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)

1  先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句

The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

4  Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because…

5  However 起副词的作用,后面可以直接加句子

【Key structures】　

第3类条件句

第3类条件句是在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果，谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，指的是过去没有过的事情。第3类条件句的基本结构是if从句用过去完成时，主句用would have/ should have +过去分词：

  If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.

在if从句中可用could have +过去分词代替had been able to +动词原形： I’d have read that book if I could have bought it.

【Special difficulties】

动词draw的一些短语vt. 拉，拖    

draw in    使……进入；吸入

  The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.    draw back    后退，后缩；收回，撤回

  You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.。

draw up    停住，使……停住；起草，制订，拟订

  I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.

  draw off    撤走，离开

  The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.

【Multiple choice questions】

9  A plan was put forward by William Low. He ___a____it. a. suggested        b. intended    c. aimed at    d. planned plan   v. 计划

put forword  提出 ；intend to do sth. 打算做……

aim at  目标是…… ；suggest    v. 建议

suggest + doing sth./名词或代词；suggest that 从句； 

11  It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally ____b___.

a. mixed  b. joined together c. rejoined  d. combined

mix  v. 混合；join   v. 连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员rejoin   v. 再次加入；combine   v. 合并

connect   强调连接