中考动词不定式考点梳理(2016)

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to +动词原形”，否定形式为“not + to +动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式是全国各地区中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题，全面梳理动词不定式的考点。

走进考题，用心感悟

     1. It’s happy for me __________ (have) the bike.

       2. They prefer __________ (stay) at home rather than go out.

       3. He is old enough __________ (join) the army.

       4. His boss made him __________ (finish) the work after five.

       5. His plan is __________ (spend) her summer in Shanghai.

       6. Have you got anything __________ (say)?

       7. Do you know when __________ (start) our work?

       8. He went out __________ (carry) the big bag.

       9. __________ (do) the homework at school is our duty.

       10. The teacher told me __________ (clean) the classroom after class.

       请大家大胆尝试做以上十个小题。在做题的过程中，不需要过多考虑，要凭感觉填写，我相信这样的话大家做题的正确率会很高。怎么样？完成了吧？是不是发现这些题的答案大都是“to +动词原形”呢？

       精心思索，你会发现动词不定式具有以下特点：动词不定式运用范围广，位置灵活；除了不能做谓语之外，动词不定式几乎可以充当其他句子成分。

边讲边练，牢记结构

一、动词不定式做主语

1. 动词不定式直接做主语。例如：

To drive less is good for the environment. 少开车对环境有好处。(2014北京)

2. 下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真正的主语。

△“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。

△“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。

△“It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。例如：It’s my duty to save patients. 治病救人是我的职责。

【真题再现】

1. (2015雅安) It is important ______ people ______ good manners.

       A. for; to learn             B. of; to learn              C. for; learn                 D. of; learn

2. (2012钦州) —Let me help you carry the box, Granny.

—Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ______ you ______ me.

   A. of; to help        B. for; to help              C. of; helping        D. for; helping

       3. (2014龙东) —It’s our duty ______ our city clean and beautiful.

—Yes. We should do something for it.

   A. to keep                   B. keep                       C. keeping

二、动词不定式做表语

   动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish, idea, work, task, job, aim等。例如：

       My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。

三、动词不定式做宾语

       动词不定式做宾语是中考常考点之一，其用法分为两种情况：

       1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want, decide, learn, hope, plan, afford, need, would like, expect, intend, agree, refuse等。

       2. think, find, make, feel等动词可用于“v. + it + adj. + to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。

【真题再现】

       4. (2015遂宁) They decided ______ a bridge over the river.

              A. build                       B. to build                   C. building

       5. (2014扬州) —Some children can’t afford ______ necessary stationary.

           —Let’s donate our pocket money to them.

              A. buy                         B. buying                     C. to buy                     D. be bought

       6. (2015齐齐哈尔) I found ______ not very easy ______ to ride a bike.

              A. that; learn                B. it; to learn         C. that; to learn

四、动词不定式做宾语补足语

       后接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词分为两种情况：1. 后接带to的不定式做宾补的动词有ask, tell, get, want, would like, need, teach, invite, advise, order, encourage, warn, remind, allow, persuade, force等。2. 后接省略to的不定式做宾补的动词有：一感(feel)、二听(listen to; hear)、三让(make; let; have)、四看(look at; see; watch; notice)、半帮助(help)。但要注意的是，在被动语态结构中，应还原动词不定式符号to，如make sb. do sth. → be made to do sth.。

【真题再现】

7. (2015上海) My friend invited me ______ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.

       A. join                         B. to join                     C. joined                     D. joining

8. (2015呼和浩特) Mr. Smith told his son ______ the football match because of the exam.

       A. not to watch            B. to not watch            C. not watching           D. doesn’t watch

9. (2015临沂) What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the

corner of your bedroom? It often makes us ______.

              A. jump                       B. to jump                   C. jumping                   D. jumped

       10. (2013呼和浩特) If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh.

              A. be made                 B. be made to              C. made to                  D. make

       11. (2014呼和浩特) —Why don’t you watch TV at home?

             —I’d love to, but my mother doesn’t allow me ______ that.

              A. do                          B. did                          C. to do                      D. doing

       12. (2014黔西南) Tom’s mother told him ______ eating too much meat.

              A. stopping                  B. to stop                    C. stops                      D. stopped

五、动词不定式做状语

动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、结果或者原因等。

【真题再现】

       13. (2014未名) Mr. Li is a kind-hearted man. Though he is not rich, he always does everything

he can ______ the homeless children.

              A. to support        B. support                   C. supporting        D. supported

       14. (2015泰安) When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy.

              A. save                        B. to save                    C. saving                     D. saved

       15. (2014丽水) —Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast?

             —Yes. She eats like a bird ______.

              A. to wake up             B. to be strong             C. to lose weight          D. to fall asleep

六、动词不定式做定语

1. 动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后，做后置定语。

2. 如果不定式动词与被修饰语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则

需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。

【真题再现】

       16. (2014漳州) —We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?

             —The best way ______ money is to sell newspapers.

              A. raise                       B. to raise                    C. raising

       17. (2013凉山) When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place ____.

              A. to live                     B. living in                    C. to live in

       18. (2014毕节) —Would you like something ______?

             —Yes. I’d like ______.

              A. drink; orange          B. to drink; orange       C. to eat; orange          D. eat; oranges

七、特殊结构中的动词不定式

       动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where等词连用，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语。此结构通常位于下列动词之后：tell, teach, know, wonder, learn, show, ask等。

【真题再现】

       19. (2015福州) —So beautiful flowers! I can’t decide ______ for my mum.

             —For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations (康乃馨).

              A. when to choose                     B. which to choose                    C. how to choose

       20. (2015自贡) I really don’t know ______ this question. It is too hard.

              A. which to answer                    B. how to answer                      C. what to answer

返璞归真，活学活用

“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”。个人认为，学习动词不定式应该返璞归真，从源头开始，深刻理解其内涵，在运用中悟出其用法，达到随心所欲的目的。不要断章取义地理解，也不要死板硬套地学习。

1. 明确内涵

对于动词不定式，不要刻意去记它在句中充当什么成分。它属于非谓语动词，要明确它在句中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。在其他情况下，把它当作一个插入语，“哪里需要就往哪里搬”。在运用感悟中，体会其在句中的成分，分析其位置关系。如此，就会很快掌握其内涵和用法。

2. 牢记结构

动词不定式是由“to +动词原形”构成，其否定式是在其前加not。

3. 活学活用

同学们要在“做中学”，“做中思”，举一反三，通过不断的练习，找到规律。只要这样才会运用得当，得心应手。

动词不定式的句法功能

动名词的句法功能

分词的句法功能

近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15’)

1. (2015) —It’s important for us to know ______ all the subjects.

—Yeah, group work is my favorite.

A. how to study           B. when to study C. which to study        D. what to study

       2. (2014) Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you.

              A. accept                    B. to accept                 C. say                         D. to say

       3. (2012) ______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.

           A. To find                    B. Find                        C. To write                  D. Write

       4. (2009) More and more young people are trying to do something ______ the old.

              A. served                    B. to serve                  C. serve             D. serves

       5. (2008) We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ______.

          A. why to start        B. when to start       C. what to start  D. which to start

       6. (2007) The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide ______.

           A. what to eat         B. how to eat            C. where to eat       D. when to eat

       7. (2006) Jane likes singing. We often hear her ______ after class.

          A. sing                   B. to sing             C. sings             D. sang

       8. (2005) Oh, Danny. It’s raining outside, You’d better ______ your raincoat.

A. put on               B. put up                C. dress               D. to wear

       9. (2004) Would you show me ______ an e-mail, please? First time for me.

A. how to make           B. how to send            C. which to make D. when to send

       10. (2002) —Your spoken English is much better.

—Thank you. My teacher often asks us ______ English as ______ as possible.

A. to speak, many                                    B. not to speak, much 

C. to speak, much                                       D. not to speak, more

       11. (2001) The children are often asked ______ loudly in the library. They must keep quite.

A. to speak              B. not to speak         C. don’t speak          D. not speak

       12. (2016张家口一模) All these shoes are so well-made that I haven’t decided ______.

              A. which to choose      B. what to choose C. how to choose        D. where to choose

       13. (2016石家庄二模) —Did the guide teach you ______ a model robot?

—Yes. It was interesting but kind of difficult.

A. how to make           B. when to make         C. which to make D. what to make

       14. (2016石家庄桥东区二模) We are often told ______ at people in trouble.

              A. laughing                  B. laugh                       C. not to laugh             D. laughed

       15. (2016石十八县市二模) Whenever you have a chance ______ English, you should take it.

              A. speak                            B. to speak                  C. spoke                     D. speaks

参考答案

走进考题，用心感悟

     1. to have                           2. to stay              3. to join        4. finish

       5. to spend / spending         6. to say               7. to start              8. to carry / carrying

       9. To do / Doing                 10. to clean

 

中考动词不定式考点梳理(2016)

       1-5. AAABC              6-10. BBAAB             11-15. CBABC           16-20. BCBBB

 

近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15’)

       1-5. ADABB        6-10. AAABC            11-15. BAACB