主谓一致 

一、主谓一致三原则 

    主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

　　Tom ________（is / are）a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

　　They often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。

　　My family ________（is / are）having lunch now.  我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

　　Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：

　　Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football.

　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

    There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型 

☆1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。

　　The desk ________（is / are）Tom’s.  这张桌子是汤姆的。

　　Some water ________（is / are）in the bottle.  一些水在瓶子里。

    The students ________（is / are）playing football on the playground.

    这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

  2. more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

     More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing.  不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

☆3. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。

    Two months ________（is / are）a long holiday.    两个月是一个长假。

    Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy.    2 0磅并不太重。

    Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance.   1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

    Five minus four ________（is / are）one.          5减4等于1。

  4. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

　　 Each boy and each girl ________（has / have）got a seat.   每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

　　 Every man and every woman ________（is / are）at work.   每个男人和女人都在工作。

  5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

　   One and a half hours ________（is / are）enough.   一个半小时足够了。

☆6. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　To see ________（is / are）to believe.  眼见为实。

    Doing eye exercises ________（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

  7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

　  A student or two ________（like / likes）to listen to this new teacher’s class.

    一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。

☆8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。

    Mike with his father ________（has / have）been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

    Mike, like his brother, ________（enjoy / enjoys）playing football.

    迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

    The students as well as the teacher ________（was / were）present at the meeting.

    开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。

 9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同

一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。

    The writer and teacher ________（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

    The writer and the teacher ________（is / are）coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

    A knife and fork ________（is / are）on the table.  桌子上放着一副刀叉。

☆10. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。

　  People here ________（is / are）very friendly.  这儿的人很友好。

　  His family ________（is / are）not large.  他家的人不多。

　  My family all ________（like / likes）watching TV.  我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

☆11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。

    ________（Is / Are）everyone here today?  今天大家到齐了吗？

    Something ________（is / are）wrong with him.  他有毛病。

    Nobody ________（was / were）in.  没有人在家。

☆12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

    Each of them ________（has / have）an English dictionary.   他们每人都有一本英语词典。

    Neither answer ________（is / are）correct.    两个答案都不正确。

☆13. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。

　  No news ________（is / are）good news.    没有消息就是好消息。

    Maths ________（is / are）very popular in our class   在我们班数学很受欢迎。

☆14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or,  either…or…， neither…nor…,  not only…but also…,  not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。

    Either my wife or I ________（am / is / are）going.

    Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________（know / knows）the answer.

    Not only you but also he ________（is / are）ready to leave.

    Each of us ________（has / have）got a new story book.

    Neither of the books ________（is / are）very interesting.

 15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

    A number of students ________（is / are）going to visit this place of interest.

    The number of the students ________（is / are）over 800

 16．以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

    There ________（is / are）a book and three pens on the desk.

　  Here ________（is / are）some books and paper for you.

☆17. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。

    The poor ________（is / are）very happy, but the rich ________（is / are）sad.

　  The beautiful ________（live / lives）forever.  美是永存的。 

三、肯定与否定一致

   下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 

   We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).

   I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.

   They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.

   He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.

   Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.

   Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.

   He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.

☆注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。

  My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.

  She doesn't like jazz and neither do I. 

主谓一致专项练习题

（   ）1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

　　    A. were       B. is       C. was         D. are

（   ）2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

        A. isn’t       B. is        C. aren’t        D. are

（   ）3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day?

　　     —Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.

　　    A. last       B. lasts        C. have       D. are

（   ）4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.

　　    A. am       B. is       C. be        D. are

（   ）5. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy.

　　    A. is       B. aren’t       C. isn’t       D. are

（   ）6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.

　　    A. is        B. are       C. has        D. have

（   ）7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.

　　    A. be       B. is       C. am        D. are

（   ）8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.

　　    A. were sleeping              B. is sleeping

　　    C. was sleeping               D. are sleeping

（   ）9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.

　　    A. are       B. is        C. were        D. was

（   ）10. That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there.

　　     A. Neither         B. Both       C. All       D. Some

（   ）11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.

　　     A. know   B. knows   C. have know    D. is

（   ）12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?

　      　—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.

　　     A. is   B. are   C. was   D. were

（   ）13. This pair of glasses ______mine.

　　     A. are   B. be   C. is    D. will be

（   ）14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.

　　     A. invited                 B. was invited

　　     C. had invited              D. were invited

（   ）15. —Two months ______quite a long time.

　　      —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.

　　     A. is    B. are    C. was   D. were

（   ）16. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________.

         A. neither he will         B. neither won't he

         C. neither will he         D. he won't neither

（   ）17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one.

　　     A. are, is       B. is, is       C. are, are        D. is, are

（   ）18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.

　　     A. has       B. have       C. are       D. is

（   ）19. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________.

         A. so has he     B. Neither he has    C. He has too   D. He hasn't either

（   ）20. All but one _____ here just now.

　　     A. is       B. was      C. has been      D. were