名词性从句

 一、概念：名词性从句的功能相当于名词（词组），在复合句中充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语。分为：主语从句   表语从句   宾语从句   同位语从句

二、引导名词性从句的有：

从属连词： that无词义,宾语从句的that有时可省；if /whether是否；as if/as though好像。这一类连词都不作成分

连接代词： who谁/whoever不管谁、无论谁(可做主语、宾语、表语)；whom谁/whomever不管谁、无论谁(可做主语、宾语、表语)；what什么/whatever无论什么（事物），所---的事物(可做主语、宾语、表语、定语)；which哪一个(些)/whichever无论哪一个（些）(可做主语、宾语、表语、定语)；whose谁的（可做定语）。

连接副词： when什么时候\---的时候/whenever无论什么时候, where哪里\---的地方/wherever无论哪里, how怎么样/however无论怎样、不管怎样, why为什么, how soon/often/long——这一类都作状语

三、分类：

（一）主 语 从 句    在复合句中作主语，一般可置于谓语之前，但多数情况，由it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于主句之后 (if不能放句首，that不可省)

What you need is more practice.

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

That she was chosen made us very happy.

Whether or not he will go is not known .

 =It is not known whether / if he will come.

1.常用it 作形式主语的结构

1. It is ＋ 名词 (  a pity/shame, a fact, an honor, a pleasure )＋ 从句

     It’s a shame that she didn’t come with us.

     It’s such a pleasure that you are here.

2. It is ＋ 形容词 (clear, obvious, possible, important, necessary, true, strange) ＋ 从句

    It is strange that he should not attend the meeting.

3. It ＋ 过去分词＋ 从句

    It is said that she is the best student in our class.

    It is well known that Taiwan belongs to china.

4. It doesn’t matter + wh--从句

  It doesn’t matter where they have gone.

  It doesn’t matter what people think of me

（二）宾 语 从 句    即在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1.作动词的宾语

I heard (that) he joined the army.

  She did not know what had happened.

  I wonder whether you can change this note for me.   

2.作介词的宾语

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another

3. 作形容词的宾语

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

1. it 可以作为形式宾语

  We heard it that she would get married next month.

B. 否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词放在主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

   I \we don’t think this dress fits you well，does it? 我认为这条裙子不适合你，是不是？

总结：如果主句主语是第一人称，反义疑问句要和宾语从句保持一致。

C. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留

1.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省.

   We must make it clear that we mean what we say.

   2.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省.

   He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.

(三)表 语 从 句    表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。例如：

 1.The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

 2.This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

 3.But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

 4.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.

注意: 如主语是reason或why引导的主语从句时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because或why引导

（四）同 位 语 从句     同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词( fact, news, promise, idea, truth, hope, belief, thought, doubt等) 的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that, whether, when, how, where, why引导，例如：

  1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

  2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

  3) I have no idea when we should go.

  2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，又在从句中作主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的 that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。  另外，如果是同位语从句，在前一个名词和后面从句中间加一个be动词，通常句子意思通顺。

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year

  ( 前面的that引导定语从句，后面that引导同位语从句）

The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

2) When, where, why 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别

I still remember the days when we worked together.

I have no idea when we should go.

 

四、高考主要考查内容

考点之一：考查名词性从句的语序：    名词性从句应用陈述语序。

1.The photographs will show you ____.                 
    A. what does our village look like     B. what our village looks like
    C. how does our village look like        D. how our village looks like

2. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.                                                                 
  A. how they were excited               B. how excited they were

  C. how excited were they               D. they were how excited

答案 BB

考点之二：考查that 与what的区别： that在从句中不作成分，无词义，宾语从句中有时可省，（戏称为“三无人员”，而what在从句中作成分，有词义：“什么\所----的事物”。

1. _____we can’t get seems better than ______we have.

    A. What ; what                          B. What ; that
    C. That ; that                              D. That ; what 

2. ___caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

   A. What       B. That        C. How        D. Where        

3. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.  A . where          B. what             C. that           D . How

4. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

    A .which            B. that            C. what            D. whether

答案 AABB

考点之三：考查what与which的区别：which 表一定范围的选择

1.I think Father would like to know ____I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.  

  A .which            B. why            C. what            D. how

2.Perseverance is a kind of quality----and that’s ____it takes to do anything well.                                      

  A .what           B. that          C. which          D .why    

3.I read about it in some book or other ,does it matter ___ it was ?

  A. where      B. what      C. how     D. which    

4. Do you have any idea ______ is actually going on in the classroom?                                                  

  A. that            B. what           C. as              D. which

答案 CADB

考点之四：考查that，if与whether的区别

1.下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
A. 引导主语从句(在主句前)、表语从句和同位语从句时。B. 引导宾语从句作介词宾语C. 从句后有“or not”时。D. 后接动词不定式时。E. discuss 后只能用whether引导

2. that表陈述，if/whether表疑问

1.____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.                                                         

  A. Whenever      B. If        C. Whether          D. That

2. _____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

  A. If        B. Whether          C. That              D. Where

3. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.                    

  A .which         B. that           C. what             D. whether

4.____ you don’t like him is none of my business.

  A. What           B. Who         C. That        D. Whether

答案 CBBC

考点之五：考查it 作形式主语或形式宾语

1.___is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

    A. There             B. This           C. That             D. It       

2 . I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full.      

    A. it            B. that              C. these            D. them

3._____is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.                        

    A. As           B. That                C. This                D. It

4.He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

    A. this               B. that               C. it             D. these

答案  DADC

考点之六： Who / whoever, what / whatever与 no matter what / who...

A.一般说来，what/who等含特指或疑问意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，范围广、语气重，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。

B. whatever, whoever... 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter what / who ...只能引导让步状语从句

１.Sarah hopes to become a friend of __ shares her interests. 

   A. anyone          B. whomever       C. whoever       D. no matter who

2. ___has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

   A. Who           B. The one          C. Anyone         D. Whoever

3. It was a matter of _____would take the position.

   A. who           B. whoever           C. whom           D .whomever

答案 CDA

考点之七： Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的意思。

1.--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.    

  --Is that ____ you had a few days off?

   A. why            B. when            C. that              D. where

2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is____ I disagree.                                                            

    A. why          B. where         C. what             D. how

3.We can not figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.                                     

   A .that      B. as      C. why     D .when

4.—Do you remember ____ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car.                                   

 A. How        B. when         C. that          D. if

答案　ABCA

考点之八：查名词性从句的虚拟语气     表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等词后面的宾语从句、同位语从句、主语从句中及表语从句要用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形。It is desired / suggested / proposed / necessary / important / strange / natural/ a pity + that从句，从句中的谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。

1.It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.

    A. masters   B. should master   C. mastered   D. will master

答案　B

2. .--- Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?                                              

    -- I agree, but the problem is _______ he has refused to.

    A. will not be sent; that                B. not be sent; that

    C. should not be sent; what        D. should not send; what

　　答案　B

 

2007--2010年高考英语试题分类汇编——名词性从句

1. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007 上海卷)

  A. That                             B. What                                 C. Whether       D. Where

2. The traditional view is _____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007 上海卷)

  A. when                            B. why                                  C. whether        D. that

3. Could I speak to____ is in charge of International Sales ,please? (2007 山东卷)

A．anyone             B．someone               C．whoever       D．nomatter who

4.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷II)

A. What                        B. Why                                   C. Where               D. Which

5. You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get

in the future.(2007 安徽卷)   A. that; what       B. what; /       C. which; that       D. /; that

6. —Where’s that report?—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.(2007 北京卷)

A. if          B. when           C. because          D. befor

7. It is none of your business____other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建卷)

A.how                          B.what                               C.which             D.when

8. Having checked the doors were closed , and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007 湖南卷）   A. why        B. that         C. when        D. where

9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （2007 江苏卷）

  A. what                           B. why                                     C. how           D. whether

10. ____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （2007 陕西卷）

A.That           B.Which           C.What               D.As

11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of____you read．（2007 上海春）

  A．that                     B．what           C．which                   D．whether

12. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is . （2007 天津卷）   A. what            B. which          C. how           D. where

13. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.（2007 浙江卷）

  A. where          B. what           C. when            D. why

（（08全国I卷）1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season.

A. whatever                B. wherever                  C. whenever          D. however

（08山东卷）2. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A. It                B. This                  C. What                D. As

（08北京卷）3. The companies are working together to create____they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21^st century.    A. which           B. that            C. what            D. who

（08天津卷）4. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.

   A. where        B. how         C. when         D. why

（08重庆卷）5. People in Chongqing are proud of ____ they have achieved, in the past ten years.

     A. that   B. which    C. what    D. how

（08安徽卷）6. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.

   A. how far        B. how soon       C. how often      D. how long

（08福建卷）7. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.

   A. It            B. What           C. As               D. Which

（08湖南卷）8. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

   A. what   B. why  C. whom D. which

（08浙江卷）10. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.

A. Anyone     B. The one     C. Whoever     D. Who

（08浙江卷）11. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.   A. what       B. that       C. which      D. one

（08重庆卷）12. All people, ____they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.   A. even if        B. whether       C. no matter       D. however

(08上海卷)13. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about____he will do or think.
A. what               B. which                      C. whom                      D. that

(08上海卷)14.  It has been proved____eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.       A. if              B. because           C. when                    D. that

(09重庆）1. We should consider the students’ request____the school library provide more books on popular science.   A. that           B. when           C. which          D. where

（09江苏）2.Many young people in the West are expected to leave____ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.  A. as           B. that             C. which        D. what

（09山东）3. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _____she was and wait tor her mother.

A. where         B. what         C. how         D. who

（09安徽）4. ____a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

A. It has     B. They have    C. It remains     D. There remains

（09湖南）5．She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do        it takes to save her life.

A. whichever             B. however             C. whatever               D. whoever

（09江西）6. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.         A. what          B. which         C. that       D. though

（09海南）7. Could I speak to____is in charge of International Sales please?

A. who     B. what      C. whoever     D. whatever

（09陕西）8. The how-to book can be of help to____wants to do the job.

A. who     B. whomever    C. no matter who    D. whoever

（09上海）10. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ____he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what          B. which         C. that          D. how

（09四川）11. News came from the school office _____Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. which     B. what   C. that   D. where

（09天津）12. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as     B. which      C. whether     D. that

（09浙江）13．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? －No problem.

A.        When             B. that           C. whether            D. what

（10福建）1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have____we have here and treat food nicely.     A. that       B. which       C. what   D. whether

（10湖南）2. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew____she was so angry.         A. where        B. whether       C. that        D. why  

（10天津）3. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know____it takes to start a business here.

A. how       B. what       C. When   D. which

（北京）4. ____some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.

A. Whether       B. What      C. That          D. How

（10浙江）5．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?

—OK, ____you want.   A．whichever         B．however     C．whatever        D．whoever

6．It is uncertain____side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

       A．that         B．what     C．how          D．whether

（10上海）7. One reason for her preference for city life is____she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.    A. that           B. how              C. what             D. why

（10湖北）8. The news _____（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)

（10山东）9. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.

   A. why     B. what    C. how    D. which

（10上海）10. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know____.

    A. he is entering which lane             B. which lane he is entering

C. is he entering which lane             D. which lane is he entering

（10四川）11．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on____he goes  with，whether his friends or relatives．  A．what    B．who    C．how   D．why

（10全国Ⅰ）12. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.

A. that      B. which     C. what    D. where

（10湖北）13. I want to be liked and loved for____I am inside.

      A. who      B. where      C. what          D. how

（10全国Ⅱ）14.—Have you finished the book? —No,I’ve read up to_____the children discover the secret cave.

A.which   B.what   C.hat    D.where

（10江苏）15. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

   —That’s_____I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.

A.where       B.how       C.when         D.what

（10北京）16. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.   A. what        B. that       C. why        D. whether

　

07年答案： 1-5BDCAB   6-10BBBAC   11-13BAA

08年答案：1-5ACCCC  6-10ABAC  11-14ABAD

09年答案：1【答案】A 2【答案】D 3【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。 4【答案】D 5【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。6【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。7【答案】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。 8【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D  10【答案】B 11【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。12【答案】D  13【答案】B

10年答案：

1.答案C考点：宾语从句解析：空格在句中充当宾语 

2.答案D考点：考查名词性从句。解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。

3.答案B. 考点：考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。 

4.答案B考点: 本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导.  C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。

5.答案C考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。

6.答案B考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。

7.答案A考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。

8.答案that the housing price will fall考点：同位语从句解析：用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “housing price”。

9.答案B考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。

10.答案B考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。

11.答案B考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”

12.答案D句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。

13.答案C考点: 宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。

14.答案D考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。

15.答案 A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句.

16.答案 B考点:本题考查表语从句。解析：从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。