非谓语动词

1.非谓语动词，顾名思义不能单独作谓语，包括：不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。它们有下面基本形式的变化：

（1）不定式：

形式	主动式	被动式
一般式	to do	to be done
进行式	to be doing
完成式	to have done	to have been done

含义：to do常表示一个没发生的主动动作；

to be done表示一个没发生的被动动作：“--将被---”;

      to be doing表示不定式动作和谓语动词动作同时发生；

      to have done表示一个已发生（发生在谓语动词动作之前）的主动动作；

to have been done表示一个已发生（发生在谓语动词动作之前）的被动动作。

①He had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动式）
②The bridge to be completed next month will bring great convenience to the people along the river. (一般式的被动式)
③He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)
Shanghai is the first city in the world to have built a high-speed maglev train. (完成式主动式)
This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动式)
（2）v-ing形式：

形式	主动式	被  动  式
一般式	doing	being done
完成式	having done	having been done

含义：doing 常表示一个主动、进行的动作;

being done表一个被动、进行的动作：“---正被---”;

      having done表示一个已发生（发生在谓语动词动作之前）的主动动作；

having been done表示一个已发生（发生在谓语动词动作之前）的被动动作。

²       He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动式)

²       The build being built now will be finished next week. (一般式被动式)

²       Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动式)

²       Having been shown the classroom, we were taken to see the library. (完成式被动式

(3)过去分词：含义：表示被动、完成。不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成意义，没有被动意义：the fallen leaves掉下了的树叶；可以和be动词、系动词构成短语的过去分词常表示状态或结果，没有被动或完成意义（这类过去分词被称为分词式形容词）。

Lost in thoughts，he didn’t realize the danger.  be lost in陷入(思考、惊异等状态)，这里lost不表被动，表示状态。

2.所做成分

项目/成分		主语	表语	宾语	宾补	定语	状语
动词-ing形式	现在分词		△		△	△	△
	动名词	△	△	△		△
不定式		△	△	△	△	△	△
过去分词			△		△	△	△

II.基本知识

1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.

在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后want, help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，afford, beg, prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，happen，seem等。

He promised to come here at nine，but he didn’t.他答应9点钟到这儿,但没来。

在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

③作定语（常后置）。  由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的的定语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something) 等。  

He is always the last one to leave.他总是最后一个离开。I have no desire to travel.

注：如句子主语是不定式动作的发出者，不定式用主动形式表被动。动词不定式动词若是不及物动词，这个动词就应有必要的介词。I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.  I found no one to play with.

④作状语

I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. (表目的)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表出乎意料结果)

She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able, afraid, angry, anxious, apt适合的、聪明的, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate为他人着想的、体谅的, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, comfortable , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless欠考虑的、粗心的, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.

如主语与不定式动词之间有动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表被动;动词不定式动词若是不及物动词，这个动词就应有必要的介词。The house is comfortable to live in.

⑤作独立副词成分。

To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.

⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。

He didn’t know what to do next.
I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。

⑦不定式的复合结构

It is+adj.+for\of +sb(sth) + 动词不定式构成的复合结构。

It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。

It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!

你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿

⑧不带to 的动词不定式

▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have;hear,see,feel,smell,watch,notice,look,listen,observe等。

The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。

注意：被动语态中to要还原：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.

▲下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better(best)最好;would rather---（than）---=would sooner---than---=would---rather than---宁愿----（也不---）； can not but---= can but---=can not help but---=can not choose but---“不得不\只好---”；但can not help ding sth“情不自禁做某事”;may\might as well---最好----；do no more than---只不过---

They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。

▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。

We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。

There is no choice but to go there.

There is nothing to do but read a book.

2.动名词在句中充当的成分

①作主语  Teaching offers something besides money and power.

②作表语Seeing is believing.

③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语：

建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to

忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop

放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss

坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish

注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to

考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help

允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind

值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine

His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.

他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。

用“meipscarf”的谐音“妹不食（吃）咖啡”来记后面只能接doing作宾语的动词（短语）：m(mind\miss),e(enjoy\escape\excuse\explain),i(imagine\insiston),p(practise\permit\pardon\put off),s(suggest\succeedin\setabout),c(consider),a(advise\allow\admit\appreciate\avoid),r(risk\resist),f(fancy\forbid\feel like\fail in)

在want, need, require等表示“需要”的动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思：My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)

④作定语，它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或或功能。

The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池

注意：

①动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?

I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.

②动名词的某些固定结构

▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time/money,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭没有用。

It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

▲It is + useless+doing sth．

It is useless speaking.光说没用。

▲There’s (no) point (in) doing sth. 做---有（没有）意义。

▲There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。

There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)

There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)

▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”

Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)

▲be on the point of + doing “将要…”

He was on the point of leaving.

▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”

On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)

▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)

He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.

▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中

have difficulty/ trouble (in) + doing sth       

have fun (in) + doing sth/            

have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth

▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
I don't feel like reading tonight．今晚我不想读书。

3.分词在句中充当的成分

①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow which was boring made the boys who felt bored go home)

②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe，catch等。注意：感官动词后面接不定式do sth作宾补和接现在分词doing sth作宾补含义不一样：前者表示全过程或结果，后者表示正在进行的动作。

The story is boring.

I saw him entering the library. (现在分词作宾补，“我看到他正进入图书馆”)

I saw him enter the library. (省to不定式作宾补，“我看见他进入了图书馆”) 

I caught them stealing my apples．(现在分词作宾补，“我抓住他们正在偷我的苹果”)

③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。

Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.（时间）

Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.（原因）

Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.（原因）

If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.（条件）

Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.（条件）

The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.（结果）

He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.（伴随）

III.非谓语动词比较

1.做主语和宾语时的比较

一般来说，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。Looking after children is her job.照看小孩   To clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室

注意下列重点内容：

①有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意

A. remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义。

B. mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……mean doing：意味着，就是

C. stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）

D. try：try to do，努力干……try doing：尝试干……

E. want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要i用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).

F. go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续干原来同一件事（动名词作宾语）

H. be considered to have done被认为已经做了……consider…to be认为是……consider doing考虑做某事

I. be（get）used to doing习惯于……be used to do被用来做……

J. can’t help doing情不自禁做……can’t help to do不能帮助做……
2.做宾补时的比较：非谓语动词作宾补，要看它和宾语的关系。
  When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
 The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
 Yesterday I had my hair cut.
 When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.

The thief was brought into the room with his hands tied.
3.做表语时的比较
  动名词往往表示经常性的动作，不定时往往表示一次性的动作。分词做表语表明主语的特征和状态。现在分词作表语，多指事物“令人/让人----”；过去分词作表语往往指人“感到----”。
 Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=Cleaning offices is her job.)
 Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
 The news is very exciting.
 They are very tired after a long walk.
4.做定语时的比较：非谓语动词作定语，要看它和被修饰词的关系。其中动名词做定语，往往表示先行词的用途或功能。一些与感觉有关的动词的现在分词作定语，多指事物“令人/让人----”： the surprising news=the news is surprising；一些与感觉有关的动词的过去分词作定语，多用来指人，人的声音或表情：the excited boys=the boys were excited。

I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
 The woman standing over there is our English teacher.
 The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.
 The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.
 The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.
5.做状语时的比较：非谓语动词作状语，要看它和主语的关系。
  动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；

分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。

①目的状语：通常用不定式表示。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.

②时间状语：分词作时间状语可以换成时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。过去分词作时间状语前面可加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

对比：Seeing(=When we see) from the hill, we found the town more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.

③原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句，一般位于句首。
 I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了
 Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
 Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
 Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.

④条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句，一般位于句首。

Turning to the left，you will see the post office.

=If you turn to the left，you will see the post office.

=Turn to the left，and you will see the post office.

Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.

⑤结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语常表示自然的结果。
His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy.

The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.(自然的结果)

I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.(出乎意料的结果)
⑥让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
(Though )wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.

⑦伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.
He went into the house, followed by some children.

注意：分词的独立主格结构（了解）

有时分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致(即分词不和句子主语构成主动或被动关系)，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。在句中多作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。这种结构可以看成是 “with/without + 宾语(名词或代词) + 宾补(分词、不定式、形容词、名词、介词短语等)”的复合结构去掉了with/without。

①    Weather permitting, we will go out.= With weather permitting, we will go out.

②The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.= With the teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.

③某些固定结构generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …等中，分词不与句子的主语构成主动或被动关系，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断

Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说

注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning=regarding关于, considering=respecting考虑到等。

Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄

I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲

IV.关于there be 的非谓语形式（了解）

there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语

1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。

They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。

2.作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be

There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) 

2007--2010年高考英语试题分类汇编——非谓语动词

1. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. —________ her this weekend? [2007 全国卷I]

  A. Why not visit       B. why not to visit         C. Why not visiting       D. Why don’t visit

2. —The last one ________ pays the meal.   

—Agreed! [2007 全国卷I]  A. arrived        B. arrives       C. to arrive        D. arriving

3. I smell something ________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? [2007 全国卷I]

  A. burning            B. burnt                 C. being burnt          D. to be burnt

4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. [2007 全国卷II]
A. opened and closed       B. to be opened and closed  C. being opened and closed  D. to open and close

5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. [2007 上海卷]

  A. calling                       B. called                              C. being called            D. to call

6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. [2007 上海卷]

  A. being persuaded         B. persuading                       C. to be persuaded         D. to persuade

7. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. [2007 上海卷]

  A. to be completed         B. having been completed     C. completed       D. being completed

8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. [2007 山东卷]A．has been launched   B．having been launched   C．being launched   D．to be launched

9. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. [2007 山东卷]

A．to seal             B．to be seated           C．seating             D．seated

10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. [2007 安徽卷]

  A. finished              B. finishing                  C. having finished          D. was finished

11. —Robert is indeed a wise man.—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! [2007 安徽卷]

  A. to take                B. taking                   C. not to take                   D. not taking

12. —Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?—Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [2007 北京卷]

A.show                B.shows                C. to show              D. showing

13. He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. [2007 北京卷]

A. studied              B. studying              C. to have studied        D. to be studying

14. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English         in a short period. [2007 福建卷]  A.improved        B.improving        C.to improve          D.improve

15. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work           my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]

A.filled                      B.filling                           C.to fill                           D.being filled

16. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. [2007 湖南卷]   A. moved        B moving        C. to move         D. being moved

17. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. [2007 湖南卷]

  A. lost              B. losing               C. to lose                D. have lost

18. —Can I smoke here?—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. [2007 江苏卷]

  A. people smoking               B. people smoke         C. to smoke               D. smoking

19. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. [2007 江苏卷]

   A. feeling well                   B. feeling good          C. feel well                 D. feel good

20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. [2007 江苏卷]

   A. interested                      B. interesting                      C. interest                D. to interest

21. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there    for a space flight. [2007 江西卷]

   A.training              B.being trained          C.to have trained          D.to be trained

22.         that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. [2007 陕西卷]

A.To have said                B.Having said                  C.To say                    D.Saying

23. All the staff {n our company are considering    to the city centre for the fashion show. [2007 上海春]

     A．to go                          B．going                           C．to have gone                  D．having gone

24.     the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. [2007 上海春]

     A．To ensure                   B．Ensuring                      C．Having ensured.              D．To have ensured

25. She wants her paintings    in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. [2007 上海春]

     A．display                       B．to display                     C．displaying                      D．displayed

26. Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. [2007 四川卷]

   A．said                        B．says                       C．saying                        D．to say

27. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. [2007 四川卷]

   A.  watered            B.  watering            C. water                 D.  to water

28. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. [2007 天津卷]   A. to let       B. letting       C. let        D. having let

29. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.[2007 浙江卷]

  A. to be heard     B. to have heard      C. hearing     D. being heard

30. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. [2007 浙江卷]

  A. Driven               B. Being driven           C. To drive               D. Having driven

31. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [2007 重庆卷]

A. finishing                       B. finished                    C. had finished             D. were finished

32. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. [2007 辽宁卷]  A. breaking   B. having broken   C. to have broken   D. break

33. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. [2007 辽宁卷]

A. walked              B. walk                  C. to walk               D. walking

1. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. （2008福建）A. Waiting         B. To wait        C. Having Waited        D. To have waited

2. — Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? （2008福建）—No problem.

A. seat            B. sit            C. seated               D. sat

3. The message is very important, so it is supposed         as soon as possible. (2008陕西卷)

A. to be sent        B. to send         C. being sent      D. sending

4.         around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷)   A. Having shown    B. To be shown    C. Having been shown    D. To show

5.         to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（2008重庆）

A. Fail  B. Failed  C. To fail  D. Having failed

6. --- They are quiet, aren’t they?--- Yes. They are accustomed _______ at meals. （2008江苏卷）

A. to talk                  B. to not talk            C. to talking             D. to not talking

7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can. （2008江苏卷）

   A. speak                   B. speaking              C. spoken                D. to speak

8. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. （2008天津卷）

  A. To throw        B. Thrown            C. Throwing      D. Being thrown

9. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. （2008四川卷）

   A. wait          B. to be waiting      C. waited       D. waiting

10. Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. （2008山东）

A. working             B. work                       C. to work                   D. worked

11. The director had her assistant ___ some hot dogs for the meeting. （全国卷II）

A. picked up       B. picks up        C. pick up         D. picking up

12. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good______.（2008全国卷1）

A. to be breathed     B. to breathe     C. breathing        D. being breathed

13. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. (2008辽宁卷)

A. to stop                       B. stopping          C. to have slopped               D. having stopped

14. Please remain______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008辽宁卷B)

A. seating             B. seated             C. to seat                D. to be seated

15. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.（2008江西卷C）

A. allowing         B. to allow         C. allowed         D. allows

16.       the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008湖南卷)  A. Having searched     B. To search      C. Searching      D. Search

17. The trees ___ in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)

   A. being blown down   B. blown down    C. blowing down   D to blow down

18.       the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷)

A. Completing        B.Complete     C.Completed       D.To complete

19. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008湖南卷)  A. living          B. to live         C. to be living     D. having lived

20. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. （2008北京卷）

  A. Seeing          B. To see        C. See             D. Seen

21. –Did the book give the information you needed?–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book. （2008北京卷）  A. to find          B. find          C. to finding        D. finding

22. I feel greatly honored ____into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed  D. welcomed

23. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ____ better ones of your own. （2008北京卷）  A. introduces         B. to introduce       C. introducing        D. introduced

24.______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （2008安徽卷）

   A. To walk.        B. Walking       C. Walked          D. Having walked

25. As a new driver, I have to practise _________ the car in my small garage again and again. (2008上海春招)

A. parking               B. to park            C. parked          D. park

26. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced ________their homes. (2008上海春招)    A. leaving           B. to leave            C. to be left            D. being left

27. Throughout history, the language _____ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. (2008上海春招)

A. speaking         B. spoken        C. to speak      D. to be spoken

28. If we have illegal immigrants ___ in, many local workers will lose their jobs. (2008上海春招)

A. came            B. coming         C. to come           D. having come

29. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it. (2008年上海卷)
A. having tried   B. trying   C. to try    D. tried

30. If there’s a lot of work _____, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008年上海卷)
   A. to do     B. to be doing    C. done    D. doing

31. Something as simple as _____ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. (2008年上海卷)

 A. to drink    B. drinking     C. to be drinking    D. drunk

32. Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (2008年上海卷)   A. locating    B. being located    C. having been located   D. located

1. 09安徽卷28．The play       next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．

A．produced      B．being produced        C．to be produced         D．having been produced

2. 09北京卷24. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.

A. grown     B. being grown     C. to be grown     D. to grow

3. 09北京卷28. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.

A. presenting    B. presented    C. being presented     D. to present

4. 09北京卷34. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.

   A. Being bitten     B. Bitten    C. Having bitten    D. To be bitten

5. 09福建卷32.    not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

A. Reminding             B. Reminded             C. To remind        D. Having reminded

6. 09福建卷34. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,    the 60th anniversary of the

founding of the PLA Navy.    A. marking     B. marked   C. having marked    D. being marked

7. 09湖南卷21. Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

A. being tired           B. tiring         C. tired              D. to be tired

8. 09湖南卷25. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _____ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what

to do about his future.  A. living; wondering  B. lived; wondering  C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered

9. 09湖南卷29. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ______.

A. reusing               B. reused             C. reuses             D. to be reused

10. 09湖南卷31. Please do me a favor —______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite              B. inviting            C. invite               D. invited

11. 09江苏卷26. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term

teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _____ reduce unemployment pressures.

A. help             B. to have helped        C. to help          D. having helped

12. 09江苏卷32. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _____ the ceremony of the 50th

Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.

A. Attend           B. To attend                 C. Attending           D. Having attended

13. 09江西卷22. ______ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the

international stars.   A. Giving     B. Having given     C. To give       D. Given

14. 09江西卷34. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the

education of their children.  A. forced         B. forcing       C. to be forced     D. having forced

15. 09辽宁卷22. When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back

  A. flooding      B. to flood       C. flood       D. flooded

16. 09辽宁卷27.       , you need to give all you have and try your best.

A  Being a winner  B To be a winner  C Be a winner   D Having been a winner

17. 09宁夏、海南卷35.Now that we're discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______?

   A. taking         B. take          C. taken           D. to take

18. 09全国II卷16. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.

   A. being run       B. run          C. to run         D. running

19. 09山东卷22. We are invited to a party _______in our club next Friday.

A. to be held        B. held         C. being held         D. holding

20. 09上海卷35. Bill suggested ______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.

A. having held

B. to hold

C. holding

D. hold

21. 09上海卷39. David threatened ______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.

A. to be reported

B. reporting

C. to report

D. having reported

22. 09四川卷2. He told us whether _______a picnic was still under discussion

   A. to have      B. having       C. have        D. had

23. 09四川卷4. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _______until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. seated     B. seating    C. to seat    D. seat

24. 09四川卷10. ______ many times, he finally understood it.

A. Told     B. Telling    C. Having told    D. Having been told

25. 09天津卷4. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.

  A. Competing    B. Having completed    C. To have completed    D. To complete

26. 09天津卷9. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

   A. Being encouraged      B. Encouraging       C. Encouraged       D. Having encouraged

27. 09浙江卷3. ______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A. To be tried     B. Tired    C. Tiring    D. Being tired

28. 09浙江卷7. There is a great deal of evidence       that music activities engage different parts of the

brain.    A. indicate      B. indicating     C. to indicate     D. to be indicating

29. 09重庆卷25. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.

A. comparing    B. compares    C. to compare   D. compared

30. 09重庆卷29. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day.

A. deal      B. dealt    C. to deal      D. dealing

31. 09上海卷31. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board.

A. killed

B. killing

C. kills

D. to kill

 32. 09上海卷33. With the government’s aid, those ______ by the earthquake have moved to the new

settlements.

A. affect

B. affecting

C. affected       D.were  affected

（10福建）1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,      supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.  A. sending        B. to send   C. having sent   D. to have sent

2. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained       abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

 

A. sticking               B. stuck                    C. to be stuck               D. to have stuck

 

（10上海）3. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues       with her stories.

 A. amused         B. amusing         C. to amuse           D. to be amused

4.        the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.

A. Approaching    B. Approached        C. To approach       D. To be approached

5. Thai is the only way we can imagine        the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.

A. reducing          B. to reduce         C. reduced           D. reduce

（10安徽）6. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world

A. travel                 B. to travel             C.  traveled          D. traveling

（10湖南）7. Listen! Do you hear someone         for help?

A. calling               B. call                 C. to call               D. called      

8. Dina,        for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

 A. struggling      B. struggled         C. having struggled      D. to struggle

9. So far nobody has claimed the money       in the library.

     A. discovered         B. to be discovered         C. discovering         D. having discovered

（10江西）10 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.

A keep           B kept             C keeping             D to keep

11 There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.

A to discover     B to be discovered      C discovered      D being discovered

（10山东）12. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.

   A. completing     B. to complete      C. completed     D. being completed

（10天津）13. It rained heavily in the south，      serious flooding in several provinces.

A. caused    B. having caused    C. causing     D. to cause

（10四川）14. A great number of students         said they were forced to practise the piano.  

  A. to question       B. to be questioned        C. questioned        D. questioning

15.The lawyer listened with full attention，       to miss any point．

   A．not trying    B．trying not     C．to try not      D．not to try

（10全国Ⅰ）16.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.

A. to borrow     B. to be borrowed   C. borrowed  D. borrowing

17. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______presents for my dad.

A.  buy    B. to buy   C. buying   D. to have bought

（10江苏）18. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.

A. enabling     B. having enabled     C. to enable     D. to have enabled

（10陕西）19._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .   

   A. Seen    B. Seeing C. Having seen     D. To see

20. His first book       next month is based on a true story.                

   A. published        B. to be published      C. to publish      D. being published

（10全国Ⅱ）21.Though_________to see us,  the professor gave us a warm welcome.

A. surprising     B. as surprised    C. surprised    D being surprised

（10湖北）22. ________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)

23. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)

（10辽宁）24.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.

A．finding          B．to find          C．find             D．to be found

（10辽宁）25.Alexander tried to get his work  _______in the medical circles.

A. to recognize    B. recognizing     C.  recognize   D.  recognized 

（10北京）26.          at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

A. Looking       B. Look      C. To look        D. Looked

27. I'm calling to enquire about the position      in yesterday's China Daily.

A. advertised   B. to be advertised    C. advertising     D. having advertised

（10重庆）28. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.    

   A. having led   B. led      C. leading       D. to lead

29. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.

A. repaired             B. being repaired               C. repairing              D. to be repaired

（10浙江）30. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.    A. being weighed     B. to weigh       C. weighed       D. weighing

 

07年题答案：1-5ACACA  6-10DCBDA  11-15DABAB  16-20BADDA 

21-25DBBAD26-30CABAA  31-33BCD

08年答案：1-5CCACD  6-10DCCDA  11-15CBBBC  16-20DBDAA  21-25ACCBA  26-32BBBBABD

09年答案：1-5 CADBB  6-10 ACADC 11-15  CCDBA 16-20  BCDAC 

             21-25  CAADD  26-30  CBBDC  31-32  BC

10年答案

1. 答案：A考点：非谓语动词解析：表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态,排除C。

2. 答案：B考点：remain后接动词的用法解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。

3答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.

4答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。

5答案：B考点：此处考查非谓语动词。解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.

6答案：D. 考点：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。解析：主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。

7答案：A考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。

8 答案：C考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。

9答案：A考点：考查非谓语动词解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。

10答案：C考点：考察非谓语。解析：句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。

11答案：B.考点：考察非谓语。解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.

12答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。解析：句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。

13答案：C. 考点：考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。

解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语

14答案：C 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。解析： question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。

15答案：B考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。

16题答案：C句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示用作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。

17题答案：B句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。

18选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果

19A.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，选A。

20B.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。

21【答案】C【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，主语一致，省略主语和系动词。

22. 答案：“painted”。考点：非谓语动词 解析：过去分词作状语，主语 “the building”是动作 “paint”的作用对象

23. 答案：nothing to worry about　　考点：不定式作后置定语解析：动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上加上介词 “about”。

24答案：B句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。

25答案：D句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。解析：考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

26. 答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：look与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking.

27. 答案：A考点:本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised

28. 答案C考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：句意为：这个消息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用leading。

29 答案D考点：考查非谓语动词。解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用to be repaired.

30答案：D考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。