ATCC 30486 棘阿米巴原虫 百欧博伟生物

棘阿米巴原虫(Acanthamoeba）)是一类自由生活的小型原虫，广泛分布于自然界。棘阿米巴原虫可引起肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎（Granulomatous amebic encephalitis,GAE）。

菌种简介

平台编号：Bio-48369

规格：Dried

拉丁属名：Acanthamoeba Polyphaga

菌株名称：棘阿米巴原虫

用途：ATCC原装进口

注意事项：仅用于科学研究或者工业应用等非医疗目的不可用于人类或动物的临床诊断或治疗，非药用，非食用（产品信息以出库为准）

详细描述

ATCC® Number:30486™

Organism: Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Puschkarew) Page

Designations: Arabia Mountain

Isolation: soil, Arabia Mountain, DeKalb County, GA, 1972

Depositors: WS Jenkins

Biosafety Level:1

Shipped: dried

Growth Conditions: ATCCmedium 711: PYBTemperature: 25.0°C Duration: grown with Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 Protocol: ATCCNO: 30011 SPEC: This strain is distributed as a dried preparation. See the general procedures for opening a dried vial. Aseptically add 1 ml of sterile distilled water to the inner shell vial, remove the filter paper aseptically with a pair of forceps, and place it in the center of an agar plate of ATCCmedium 997. Add the liquid remaining in the vial to the plate and spread it evenly over the surface of the plate. Incubate the plate at 25C. Trophozoites (amebae) should be evident within 2-3 days.

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Comments: Indistinguishable from Acanthamoeba polyphaga ATCC30487 and very similar to A. griffini ATCC30731 on the basis of starch gel electrophoretic analysis of enzymes. Role of contractile vacuole in excystment  [4594] phylogeny  [24028]

Classification: KINGDOM: Protozoa

References:  4594: Jenkins WS. The role of the contractile vacuole in excystment of Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Puschkarew) Page.  J. Protozool. 23: 24A, 1976. 23896: Daggett PM, et al. Distribution and possible interrelationships of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba from aquatic environments.  Microb. Ecol. 8: 371-386, 1982. 24028: Daggett PM, et al. A molecular approach to the phylogeny of Acanthamoeba.  Biosystems 18: 399-405, 1985. PubMed: 4084681

解释

自1974年Nagington等首次报道棘阿米巴角膜炎以来全世界已相继有数百例报道。棘阿米巴角膜炎是严重的致盲性眼病，其主要临床特点为眼部剧烈疼痛和环形角膜基质炎、角膜放射状神经炎。角膜轻度受损和局部抵抗力降低如皮质类固醇激素的不适当使用使棘阿米巴病原体易于侵入角膜而致病。

致病

感染性角膜炎是严重危害视力的常见病，致病微生物常为细菌、病毒、真菌，偶为衣原体、螺旋体、寄生虫等。明确病因，及时针对病因治疗是控制感染、维护挽救视力的关键。

棘阿米巴是小的可致病的自由生活原虫，有滋养体、包囊两个时相。滋养体普遍栖息在淡水、污水、海水或泥土中，环境不利时转化为包囊。包囊体轻，随空气播散或经尘沙、昆虫等携带到适宜环境时，原虫自包囊逸出又成为滋养体繁衍滋生。棘阿米巴和人经常亚临床接触，一般不致病，但一定条件下则致病。国外报道棘阿米巴角膜炎患者52%～88.9%为戴接触镜者。本组患者戴接触镜8眼(30.8%)，其使用的生理盐水，镜盒被棘阿米巴污染也提示感染和戴接触镜间密切关联。应特别提出的是本组非戴接触镜者18眼(69.2%)，多有尘沙迷眼、植物伤眼、海水溅眼或井水洗眼史。详问病史可为查找病因提供有益线索。

角膜上皮微损伤时，滋养体起动感染，以伪足运动侵入，以上皮细胞、角膜细胞为食而增殖，表现为上皮性、上皮下角膜炎、基质角膜炎。滋养体沿角膜知觉神经末梢走行侵蚀，临床表现为角膜神经周围炎，患者常诉重度眼痛，刺激症状明显但测角膜知觉减退、消失。活的棘阿米巴较少致炎细胞反应，但变性死亡时释放抗原，角膜细胞死亡释放炎性介质吸引巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞趋化，溶酶体酶继发地加重炎症。旁路激活补体系统，抗原—抗体—补体引致角膜基质浸润、环形浸润、盘状溃疡、坏死、重度虹膜睫状体炎。炎症进行性发展终致全角膜混浊、破坏。