一、不用被动语态

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

二、have的反意疑问句

1. 当 have 为助动词时

其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词：

He has read it, hasn’t he? 他读过了它，是吗?

2. 当 have 为实意动词时

要分两种情况：

(1) 若表示“所有”，反意疑问句可以用have，也可以用do：

He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t [doesn’t] he? 他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗?

但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，反意疑问句用have 还是用do，取决于陈述部分的动词形式：

He hasn’t any money, has he? 他没有钱，是吗?

He doesn’t have any money, does he? 他没有钱，是吗?

(2) 若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑问句要用do：

He has supper at 5, doesn’t he? 他5点吃晚餐，是吗?

He had a good time at the party, didn’t he? 他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗?

3. 当用于have to时

通常也有两种可能：若表示经常性的行为，则多用加助动词do的形式;若表示特定的行为，则多用have：

He often has to get up early, doesn’t he? 他经常要早起，是吗?

He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he? 他今晚要迟睡，是吗?