动名词短语常用在以下结构中

have difficulty (in) + doing sth

have trouble (in) + doing sth

have fun (in) + doing sth/

have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth

feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词

Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?

I don't feel like reading tonight.今晚我不想读书。

3.分词在句中充当的成分

作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went

home.)

China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家

The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.

(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)

The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯

注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。

作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。

The story is boring.

I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)

I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)

作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。

Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(时间)

Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.(原因)

Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因)

If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(条件)

Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.(条件)

The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(结果)

He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.(伴随)

注意：分词的特殊结构

独立主格

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这

种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.

Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits

The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.

“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.

某些固定结构

generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断

Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说

catch+宾语+doing

I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的

注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。

Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄

I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲

III.非谓语动词比较

1.做主语和宾语时的比较

一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

Looking after children is her job.照看小孩

To clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.

注意下列重点内容：

begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意

A.remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义

Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.

I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

Don't forget to write to me soon.

I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.

I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔)

I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.

I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)

B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……

mean doing：意味着，就是

I am sorry I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，

I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.

Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.

C.stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

stop doing停止做(动名词作宾语)

After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.

After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D.try：try to do，努力，试图干……

try doing：试着干……

He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.

He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.

The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.

They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.

E.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要i用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。

These young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).

The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).

F.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

go on doing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)

After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.

After writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems.

G.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。

Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.(放弃)

The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. (放弃)

She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.(允许)

H.be considered to have done被认为已经做了……

consider…to be认为是……

consider doing考虑做某事

I.be(get)used to doing习惯于……

be used to do被用来做……

J.can’t help doing情不自禁做……

can’t help to do不能帮助做……

2.做宾补时的比较

不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。

When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.

I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.

They had the lights burning all night long.

I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.

The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.

Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.

When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.

When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.

3.做表语时的比较

不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。

Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=Cleaning offices is her job.)

Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)

The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)

They are very tired after a long walk.

The door is locked now.

The children are well dressed these days.

4.做定语时的比较

不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming

the boiling water=the water that is boiling 　　drinking water=water for drinking

Today I have a letter to write.　　Please find a man to help us.

It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.练习你的口语

I like reading books written by Lu Xun.

The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的

The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.

The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.

The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.

5.做状语时的比较

不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。

目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。

The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.

I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.

In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.

时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。

Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.

Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.

Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.

Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.

When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时

Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复

原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。

I am sorry to hear that you are not well.

I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了

We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.

Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.

There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱

Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.

Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.

条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。

Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.

United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.

Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.

结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。

He arrived late to find the train gone.

I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.

He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors.

His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy.

I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.

The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.

让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。

Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.

Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。

Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.

She came running towards us.

They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.

He went into the house, followed by some children.

He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.

IV.关于there be 的非谓语形式

there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语

1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：

We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。

They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。

We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。

2.作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be

There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)

It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)

There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry.

因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)

3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.

It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.

老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.

校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。

【高考预测】

1.—Why don’t you like Tom? —I think he is a man_________.

A.to be worked with B.working with C.to work with D.being worked with

2.He said that he _________what he could________us,but he was too busy then.

A.would do,help B.could have done,to help C.would have done,helping D.could do,helped

3.Would you please tell me the way thought of_________the garden.

A. take care of B. to take care of C. taking care of D. how to take care of

4.—You look rather tired today.

—______ not to miss the 4:20 flight, I didn’t dare to close my eyes.

A. Reminding B. Reminded

C. Being reminded D. Having reminded

5.___________, the monument could be restored to its former glory.

A. If repaired well B. If repairing well C. To repair well D. Repairing well

6.“Can’t you read?” Mary said_______to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

7.On August 12,2009 Typhoon Morakot swept across Taiwan island, _________a lot of villages___________.

A.left; damaged B.leaving; damaging C.leaving; damaged D.left; damaging

8.The food, ____________good, was soon sold out when it was taken to the market.

A. tasted B. being tasted C. tasting D. having tasted

9.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work_______, we refused his offer.

A. not finishing B. had not been finished

C. not having finished D. not finished

10.With too many construction projects_________all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot.

A.sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking

11.Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _________ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found

12.On the bank of the river, we found him ______ on a beach, with his eyes _______ on a kite in the sky.

A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; being fixed D. sitting; fixed

13.Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meats.

A. belonged to; feed on B. belonging to; feed on

C. were belonged to; are fed on D. belonging to; are fed on

14.______ for the serious accident, the present of Shanxi Province had to resign.

A. To blame B. Blaming C. Being to blame D. To be blamed

15.With some books he needed _________ , he went into the bookstore quickly.

A. to buy B. bought C. to be bought D. buying

16.After the Shenzhou VI capsule(太空舱 )touched down, two astronauts succeeded in traveling around the

earth, thus again __________ China is a global space power.

A. proving B. to prove C. to have proved D. being proved

17.There was a nice little gift for everyone,with a suitable poem _______ to it.

A. attached B. to be attaching C. to attach D. attaching

18.____ by his parents for long, John feels sad in the heart though he appears _______ bothered

about it.

A. Being ignored; not to be B. To be ignored; to have not been

C. Ignored; not to be D. Ignoring; not being

19.We are _______ to talk loudly in the dormitory when others are taking a noon-break.

A. supposed B. supposing C. not supposed D .not supposing

20.The latest survey, _________by www.qq.com, found more than 12 percent of teenagers want to work as pilots.

A.to be carried out B.being carried out C.carried out D.having been carried out

21.The construction of an economic zone to the west coast of the Taiwan Straits, _____ at present, will surely stimulate (刺激)the declining economy on both sides of the Straits.

A.to be discussed B.being discussed C.discussed D.discussing

22.The young man sat back in his sofa, ______ with what he had worked out to do with the remaining work.

A. having satisfied B. being satisfied C. To be satisfied D. satisfied

23.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _____ to the outside world.

A. having been lost B. to be lost C. losing D. lost

24.—The police have caught the murderer.

—Yes, but he refused to admit ________ his wife on a rainy night seven years ago.

A. to kill B. to have killed C. having killed D. have been killing

25. ________to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “_________,an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”

A. Determined; wanted B. Determined; wanting C. Determine; wanted D. Determining; wanting

26.—Lucy doesn’t seem to be what she was.

—No. _________so much in the war has made her more thoughtful.

A. Seen B. Her seeing C. Having seen D. To have seen

27. twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined

28.We hope the building project_________will be completed as soon as possible because a lot of citizens are complaining about the noises.

A. to be carried out B. carried out C. being carried out D. carrying out

29.A new teachnique_________the yields as a whole increased by about 30 percent.

A.had applied B.having applied C.to have applied D.having been applied

30.The long lasting war, ______ with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result.

A.filling;reached B.filled;to reach C.filling;would reach D.filled;reaching

31.The two old sisters，_______ so long，held each other and burst into tears.

A.being separated B.having been separated C.having separated D.had been separated

32. Some people against toll booths (收费站) argue that roads, once ___________, should be free.

A. building B. built C. having built D. being built

33.Something extraordinary happened in that hospital. A man, ________clinically dead, suddenly came to life.

A. declaring B. being declared C. declared D. having declared

34. _________your receipt to the customer service department and they will pay the money back to you.

A.Having brought B.Bring C.Bringing D.To bring

35. ____it with me should be a good choice. Trust me.

A.When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

36. I really can' t understand _________her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

37. _____ what he can do. He might get a job tomorrow. He might stay out of work for weeks.

A.We didn’t know B.He doesn’t know C.There is no knowing D.It was known that

38.There are a lot of students in the reading room, most of_________with their eyes_________on and their heads

bent over their books.

A.whom; fixing B.them; fixed C.whom; fixed D.them; fixing

39.The boy I considered ______ cheated in the last exam.

A. to be honest B. that is honest C. was honest D. being honest

40.Though a typhoon is on the way, people are still looking forward _________ the outdoor concert by the pop

singer.

A. to canceling B. not to canceling C. not to cancel D. to not canceling

【参考答案】

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