时文阅读|为什么有些人不易被流感病毒感染

  面对疫情，我们在做好了自身防护的同时，是否存有这样的疑问：为什么在疫情爆发的地区，同一环境下有人被感染，有人却能安然无恙？为什么有些人不易被流感病毒感染？跟着我们一起解开心中的疑惑吧。

  阅读短文并回答问题

  Why are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer, according to a new study, is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood.

Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence（顺序）in which they have been infected by those viruses. Their study was published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens. The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus.

In addition, UCLA scientists, including Professor James Lloyd-Smith, who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research, recently completed a study that analyzed travel-related screening for the novel coronavirus（冠状病毒）2019-nCoV. The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus — that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average — and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers.

“This puts the onus on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd-Smith, a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantines（隔离）, or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.”

One major concern, Lloyd-Smith said, is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures, and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease. “Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India, where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care,” he said.

1. What is the significance of the scientists’ research?

A. It explains the cause of the flu virus.

B. It reduces the risk of people being infected.

C. It analyzes people’s ability to fight off the virus.   

  D. It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world.

2. What do we know about the novel coronavirus from paragraph 3?

 A. Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it.

   B. It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected.  

   C. Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening.

   D. It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations.

3. Why does the writer mention Lloyd-Smith’s words in paragraph 4?

  A. To persuade people not to travel.   

  B. To provide a method to kill the virus.

  C.To show the harmful effects of the virus.

 D. To stress the responsibilities of officials.  

4. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph?

  A. Easy.  B. Impossible. C. Responsible. D. Indifferent.

【参考答案】CBDA

单词学习

1. strain  n.（疾病的）类型

  This is only one of the many strains of the disease.  这种病有许多类型，这只是其中一种。

2. subtype  n. 子类型  a product subtype  一个产品子类型

3. minimize  v. 使减少到最低限度

  Good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection.  保持清洁有助于最大限度地减少感染的危险。

4. screen  v. 筛查  screen women for lung cancer 检查女子是否患有肺癌

5. onus  n. 责任  

  The onus is on employers to follow health and safety laws.  雇主有义务遵行健康安全法。

6. isolate  v. 隔离

  Patients with the disease should be isolated.  这种病的患者应予以隔离。

7. impose  v. 强制实行

  A new tax was imposed on fuel. （当局）开始对燃油征收一项新税。

8. infrastructure  n. 基础设施  the improvements in the country’s infrastructure  国家基础设施的改善

     长难句分析

1. Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence（顺序）in which they have been infected by those viruses.

【分析】句子主语为“Scientists”，谓语为“have found”，“that people’s ability to fight...are been infected by those viruses”为宾语从句。宾语从句的主干为“people’s ability is determined by the subtypes and the sequence”，其中“they have had throughout their lives”为省略了“that”的定语从句，修饰先行词“flu”。“in which they have been infected by those viruses”为定语从句，修饰先行词“sequence”。

【翻译】加州大学洛杉矶分校和亚利桑那大学的科学家们已经发现，人们抵抗流感病毒的能力不仅取决于他们一生中经历的流感的子类型，还取决于他们被病毒感染的顺序。

2. The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus — that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average — and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed.

【分析】句子主语为“The researchers”，谓语为“reported”，“that screening travelers...the 2019 coronavirus”、“that it will catch...on average”和“that most infected travelers are undetectable”为并列的宾语从句。“meaning that they have no symptoms...have been exposed”为非谓语动词作状语，其中“that they have been exposed”为宾语从句。

【翻译】研究人员报告称，筛查旅客对2019年的冠状病毒并不是很有效，平均来说，它只能查到不到一半被感染的旅客，而大多数被感染的旅客是无法被查出的，这意味着他们还没有症状，也不知道自己已经被感染。