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《爱过》No.102高三复习,从“Achilles’Heel阿喀琉斯之踵”说起

(2019-07-15 09:29:07)

      做完2019年全国三套卷之后,很多准高三学霸隐约觉得,自己的英语总是缺那么一点火候,要冲击140+,绝不是一件简单的事。

     是的,我说,你们有没有发现,自己虽然已经积累了很多,刷了很多题,但是你英语学习上的“Achilles’Heel  阿喀琉斯之踵。你注意到了吗?

《爱过》No.102高三复习,从“Achilles’Heel阿喀琉斯之踵”说起

Jack still cant being anxious about his job interview.

Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles heel , Im afraid.  (2016 江苏卷)

AchillesHeel  阿喀琉斯之踵,原指阿喀琉斯的脚跟,现在一般是指致命的弱点,要害。

阿喀琉斯,是凡人珀琉斯和美貌仙女忒提斯的宝贝儿子。忒提斯为了让儿子炼成“金钟罩”,在他刚出生时就将其倒提着浸进冥河,遗憾的是,儿子被母亲捏住的脚后跟却不慎露在水外,全身留下了惟一一处“死穴”。后来在特洛伊战争中阿喀琉斯被太阳神一箭射中了脚踝而死去。

后人常以“阿喀琉斯之踵”譬喻这样一个道理:即使是再强大的英雄,他也有致命的死穴或软肋。

我们的英语也是一样,你的AchillesHeel  阿喀琉斯之踵,补上了吗?


一、名词动词化

在现代英语中,名词动词化的现象非常普遍。名词转化为动词后,常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。

1. While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. (2019 全国I 卷七选五)

Age年龄                                                                 使变老,老化

2. In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). (2019 全国 I 卷阅读理解D)

Score得分;分数                                                           给……打分,评分

3. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.  (2019 全国 I 卷阅读理解C)

market  市场                                                               推销,促销

4. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on. (2019 全国 II 卷阅读理解B)

coach  (体育运动的) 教练                                                    训练,培训,指导

5. On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, How will I make friends? (2019 北京卷语法填空)

voice  嗓音                                                               表达,吐露 (感情或意见)

6. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words Be yourself(2019 北京卷语法填空)

face  n 脸;面孔                                                            v 面临;必须对付(某情况)

7. Devices were grouped by generation. (2018 全国 I 卷阅读理解D)

group  n 组;群                                                            把……分类;把……分组

8. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.  (2018 全国 III语法填空)

duck  n 鸭子                                                              低下头;弯下身(以免被看见)

9. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.  (2017 全国 I 卷阅读理解B)

anchor                                                                 使固定

10. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读理解D)

weight  重量                                                             v 在……上加重量;(用重物)固定

 

二、分词形容词

由动词的 -ed -ing 形式构成的形容词常被称作分词形容词。这类形容词由于越来越常用,有时甚至比其动词形式还常用,现代词典中往往将其作为独立的词条收录。动词的 -ing -ed 两种分词形容词表示不同意义和用法。

 1. I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.  ______________(2019 全国 I 卷短文改错)

答案:interesting 改成 interested

2. While there are __________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014 全国 I 卷语法填空)

答案:amazing 

三、兼有两种形式的副词

英语中,有些副词具有两种形式:一种与形容词同形,另一种由该形容词加后缀 -ly 构成。这两种形式的副词,其含义有些相同或略有不同,有些则完全不同。

I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. ______________(2019 全国 I 卷短文改错)

答案:hardly 改成 hard 

四、熟词生义

1. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.(2019 全国 I 卷阅读理解D)

Mean熟义:v  意思是                                                   生义:adj 不善良;刻薄

 2. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019 全国 I 卷阅读理解D)

Employ熟义:v 雇用                                                    生义:v  应用;利用

3. Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?  (2017 全国 卷阅读理解A)

Feed熟义:v 给(人或动物)食物;喂养                                    生义:v  满足(需要、愿望、欲望等) 

五、词块

在词汇和句子之间存在着同时兼有词汇和句子特征的半固定结构,这种半固定结构被称为词块。词块包括:短语动词、习语、词汇搭配、句子框架等等。

学习者可以把词块作为整体输入大脑,有效地提高口头和书面表达的流利性、阅读理解的速度与精准度,以及书面表达的地道程度。

短语动词

1. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be     49   (2019 全国I 卷完形填空)

A. paying off 

B. spreading out 

C. blowing up 

D. fading away

答案:A 此处是说坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为环境保护所做的努力有了回报。pay off 意为“成功;奏效”;spread out 意为“展开”;blow up 意为“爆炸”;fade away 意为“() 衰弱;病重死亡”。

2. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters,     54     lands of low growing plants. (2019 全国I 卷完形填空)

A. holding on to 

B. going back to 

C. living up to 

D. giving way to

 

答案:D 在山脚是雨林,到海拔3000米的时候,雨林突然变成了大量的低矮植物。give way to本意为“给……让路”,此处指“被……替代”;hold on to意为“保住;不送或不卖”;go back to意为“回到;重新开始”;live up to意为“符合;不辜负”。

 

词汇搭配

Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. (2019 全国 II 卷阅读理解B)

end up doing sth 最终做某事

句子框架

He was very upset that he couldnt earn enough money to support his family. (2019 全国 II 卷听力)

be upset + that 从句 为……心烦意乱;为……难过

高考考查的不仅仅是已有知识,还考查利用已有知识在短时间内答题应变的能力。那么,怎样培养这种能力呢?首先需要明确的是,英语学习不能死记硬背,应讲究高效的方法。上面提到的名词动词化、分词形容词、兼有两种形式的副词、熟词生义、词块等都是英语学习的重要词汇概念,当然还有词源 / 基本义、词根、词族、英语释义等等词汇概念。

 

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