阅读原文

Come on-Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in his new book Join the Club Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peer.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoking!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the really world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

题目

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as____.

(A) a supplement to the social cure

(B) a stimulus to group dynamics

(C) an obstacle to school progress

(D) a cause of undesirable behaviors

 

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should_____.

(A) recruit professional advertisers

(B) learn from advertisers’ experience

(C) stay away from commercial advertisers

(D) recognize the limitations of advertisements

 

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fail to_____.

(A) adequately probe social and biological factors

(B) effectively evade the flaws of the social effect

(C) illustrate the functions of the state funding

(D) produce a long-lasting social effect

 

24.Paragraph 5 show that our imitation of behaviors______.

(A) is harmful to our networks of friends

(B) will mislead behavioral health habits

(C) occurs without our realizing it

(D) can produce negative health habits

 

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is____.

(A) harmful

(B) desirable

(C) profound

(D) questionable

 

全文翻译

来吧——所有人都这这样做。这种一半邀请一半强迫的耳语信息是我们听到同侪压力。这通常引导者不好的东西——酗酒、嗑药和草率性行为。但是在Tina Rosenberg的新书《加入俱乐部》中她主张同侪压力可以通过她所声称的社会治疗作为一种积极的力量，在社会治疗中组织和政府使用动态集体的力量帮助个人提高他们的生活和可能的世界。

普立兹奖的候选者Rosenberg提供了大量的社会治疗行动的例子：在美国南卡罗来纳州，政府赞助的名为怒对吸烟的反烟运动开始使得烟草变得不酷。在南非，一场名为热爱生命的开始以HIV预防为活动招募年轻人在他们同龄人之间去推进安全性行为。

这个主意似乎有希望，Rosenberg是一个明察秋毫的发现者。她对许多有问题的公众健康运动的批评一针见血：这些运动未能调动同侪压力转化为健康习惯，并且这些运动证明了对心理状态理解有严重的漏洞。一个运动的广告牌为了减少在青年之间的吸烟这样写道：“敢于不同，请不要吸烟”它设想没有事情不能适应。Rosenberg有说服力地争论到公众健康拥护者应该学习广告商，他们如此熟练的应用同侪压力。

但是在普通的社会治疗的一般效果上，Rosenberg就不再那么有说服力的。《加入俱乐部》这本书充满了太多无关细节并且没有深入讨论使得同侪压力如此强大的社会和生物因素。社会治疗最显眼的缺陷是在长时间内不能起到良好的作用。怒对吸烟的失败是因为政府资金被切断。珍爱生命运动产生的持久改变的证据是有限且或混淆的。

毫无疑问，同侪压力对我们的行为发挥着巨大的影响。新兴的研究队伍的研究表明积极的健康习惯通过朋友的社交渠道相互传播，当然消极的也一样。这是一个微妙的同侪压力的形式：我们无意识地模仿着我们每天看到的行为。

但是，很难确定的是在道德的方向专家和官僚在如何选择同龄团队和主导他们的活动上会取得多大的成功。这就好比一位老师打乱在后排捣乱的学生的座位，把他们和表现好的学生安排在一起。这个策略没有真正的起作用。关于来自外界的社会治疗设计的问题：在现实世界，例如在学校，我们坚持选择自己的朋友。

逐句翻译

第一段

Come on-Everybody’s doing it.

来吧——所有人都这这样做。

 

 

That whispered(低声的；耳语的) message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.

这种一半邀请一半强迫的耳语信息是我们听到同侪压力。

 

 

It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.

这通常引导者不好的东西——酗酒、嗑药和草率性行为。

 

 

But in his new book Join the Club Tina Rosenberg contends(主张；奋斗) that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics(动态的) to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

但是在Tina Rosenberg的新书《加入俱乐部》中她主张同侪压力可以通过她所声称的社会治疗作为一种积极的力量，在社会治疗中组织和政府使用动态集体的力量帮助个人提高他们的生活和可能的世界。

 

 

第二段

Rosenberg, the recipient(候选者) of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of(许多；大量的) examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored(赞助的；发起) antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze(阴霾；薄雾；疑惑) sets out to make cigarettes uncool.

普立兹奖的候选者Rosenberg提供了大量的社会治疗行动的例子：在美国南卡罗来纳州，政府赞助的名为怒对吸烟的反烟运动开始使得烟草变得不酷。

 

 

In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative (主动权；首创精神；自发的；起始的) known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote(提升；促进；推销；发扬) safe sex among their peer.

在南非，一场名为热爱生命的开始以HIV预防为活动招募年轻人在他们同龄人之间去推进安全性行为。

 

 

第三段

The idea seems promising (有希望的), and Rosenberg is a perceptive(感知的；有知觉力的) observer.

这个主意似乎有希望，Rosenberg是一个明察秋毫的发现者。

 

 

Her critique (批评；评论文章；评论) of the lameness(跛；残废) of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize(动员；调动；集合；组织) peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate(证明；展示；论证) a seriously flawed(有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的) understanding of psychology.

她对许多有问题的公众健康运动的批评一针见血：这些运动未能调动同侪压力转化为健康习惯，并且这些运动证明了对心理状态理解有严重的漏洞。

 

 

“Dare to be different, please don’t smoking!” pleads (辩护) one billboard (广告牌) campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.

一个运动的广告牌为了减少在青年之间的吸烟这样写道：“敢于不同，请不要吸烟”它设想没有事情不能适应。

 

 

Rosenberg argues convincingly (有说服力地；令人信服地) that public-health advocates ought to(应该) take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

Rosenberg有说服力地争论到公众健康拥护者应该学习广告商，他们如此熟练的应用同侪压力。

 

 

第四段

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive (有说服力的).

但是在普通的社会治疗的一般效果上，Rosenberg就不再那么有说服力的。

 

 

Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.

《加入俱乐部》这本书充满了太多无关细节并且没有深入讨论使得同侪压力如此强大的社会和生物因素。

 

 

The most glaring(耀眼的) flaw of the social cure as it’s presented(提出；呈递) here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.

社会治疗最显眼的缺陷是在长时间内不能起到良好的作用。

 

 

Rage Against the Haze(阴霾；薄雾) failed once state funding was cut.

怒对吸烟的失败是因为政府资金被切断。

 

 

Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

珍爱生命运动产生的持久改变的证据是有限且或混淆的。

 

 

第五段

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert (发挥；施以影响) enormous(庞大的) influence on our behavior.

毫无疑问，同侪压力对我们的行为发挥着巨大的影响。

 

 

An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via(渠道) social communication.

新兴的研究队伍的研究表明积极的健康习惯通过朋友的社交渠道相互传播，当然消极的也一样。

 

 

This is a subtle(微妙的；精细的) form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior see every day.

这是一个微妙的同侪压力的形式：我们无意识地模仿着我们每天看到的行为。

 

 

第六段

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats(官僚) can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous (善良的；有道德的；贞洁的) directions.

但是，很难确定的是在道德的方向专家和官僚在如何选择同龄团队和主导他们的活动上会取得多大的成功。

 

 

It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.

这就好比一位老师打乱在后排捣乱的学生的座位，把他们和表现好的学生安排在一起。

 

The tactic(策略) never really works.

这个策略没有真正的起作用。

 

 

And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered(设计，指导) from the outside: in the really world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

关于来自外界的社会治疗设计的问题：在现实世界，例如在学校，我们坚持选择自己的朋友。

题目翻译

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges(出现，浮现) as____.

(A) a supplement to the social cure

(B) a stimulus(刺激，激励) to group dynamics

(C) an obstacle(障碍) to school progress

(D) a cause of undesirable behaviors

 

21.根据第一段，同侪压力通常作为______行为浮现。

(A)一种对社会治疗的补充。

(B)团队动态的激励。

(C)学校进步的一种障碍。

(D)一种不被期待的行为的原因。

 

 

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should_____.

(A) recruit(招聘)professional advertisers(广告商)

(B) learn from advertisers’ experience

(C) stay away from commercial advertisers

(D) recognize the limitations of advertisements

 

22.Rosenberg 认为公众提倡者应该_____。

(A)招募专业广告商

(B)学习广告商的经验

(C)远离商业广告

(D)认识到广告的局限性

 

 

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fail to_____.

(A) adequately probe(调查；探测) social and biological factors

(B) effectively evade(逃避；逃脱) the flaws of the social effect

(C) illustrate the functions of the state funding

(D) produce a long-lasting social effect

 

23. 在作者眼里，Rosenberg的书失败于_____。

(A)充分的调查了社会和生物因素。

(B)有效的逃脱了社会效应的缺陷

(C)解释政府资金的功能

(D)产生长期的社会效应

 

24.Paragraph 5 show that our imitation(模仿) of behaviors______.

(A) is harmful to our networks of friends

(B) will mislead behavioral health habits

(C) occurs without our realizing it

(D) can produce negative health habits

 

24.第五段展示出我们的模仿行为_____。

(A) 有害于我们的朋友网

(B) 将错误的引导健康习惯

(C) 在我们无意识时出现

(D) 对健康习惯会带来消极的影响

 

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is____.

(A) harmful

(B) desirable

(C) profound

(D) questionable

 

25.在最后一段作者暗示同侪压力的效果是_____。

(A)有害的

(B)令人满意的

(C)深厚的

(D)受到质疑的