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2008年英语一阅读理解  Text1

(2017-12-24 22:16:38)
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教育

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While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress to compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs ) removed, their chemical responses become equal to those of the males.

Adding to a women’s increased does of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and you ability to function.

 

 

题目

21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in cope with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

 

22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women?

[A] need extra doses of chemiacls to handle stress.

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.

[D] are exposed to more stress.

 

23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

[A] domestic and temporary.

[B] irregular and violent.

[C] durable and frequent.

[D] trivial and random

 

24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck”

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

 

25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No way out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemical Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women under Stress

 

 

全文翻译

虽然女性在现代生活的一些方面仍然在追赶男性,但是似乎至少在一个不情愿的方面已经超过了男性。纽约退伍军人管理医院的主席精神病学家Yehuda医生说:“女性与男性相比较,在面对压力时更容易受影响并且会发展成压抑和焦虑症。”

对动物和人的研究展示:性激素的多少影响着对压力的反应,同时导致了在相同的情况下,女性在压力下比男性产生更多的化合物。一些研究展示,当移除承受巨大压力的老鼠的卵巢时(雌性生殖器官),它们产生的化学物质和雄性的一样多。

增加女性增加压力的化学物质,就是增加压力的机会。Yehuda医生说:“女性未必不能很好地处理压力,恰恰是她们要处理的压力太多了,女性对压力的容忍能力甚至要比男性出色”她发现:“正是因为她们处理了大量的事情才导致她们更快更明显的疲惫不堪。”

Yehuda医生提出了男女之间的另一个不同,“我认为女性往往被暴露在一种长期性和重复性的事件中。男人们去参加战争暴露出战争压力。男人们暴露出更多的随机的身体暴力的行为。不幸的是,女性暴露的压力往往来自于家庭中的父母或其他家庭成员并且这些压力不是一次可以解决的。这种来自于长久关系的磨损相当有毁灭性的打击。”

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并且生下了一个儿子但是她决定读完大学 “我奋力读完大学。我的生活中有太多的挫折以至于我逃脱去学校为了走到前面去为了做的更好。”后来,她结婚了最终变成了一个单身妈妈。照顾一个孩子,找一份工作,支付租金,支付车费,还贷款这些都是艰难的事情。我生活在一个从付款到付款的生活中。不是每个人都经历过像Alvarez描述的严重慢性压力。但是,现代的女性要应对许多义务并且感觉到了压力,几乎没有喘息的机会。Alvarez的经历说明在扩散的压力威胁到你的健康和你的身体的功能之前找到解决的方法是非常重要的。

 

 

逐句翻译

第一段

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to(似乎,好像) be way ahead in at least one undesirable category(种类,分类).

虽然女性在现代生活的一些方面仍然在追赶男性,但是似乎至少在一个不情愿的方面已经超过了男性。

 

 

“Women are particularly susceptible(易受影响的) developing depression and anxiety disorders(焦虑症) in response to stress to compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief (首领,首长;主要的;首要地) psychiatrist(精神病学家)at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

纽约退伍军人管理医院的主席精神病学家Yehuda医生说:“女性与男性相比较,在面对压力时更容易受影响并且会发展成压抑和焦虑症。”

 

 

第二段

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones (性激素) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger(引发,触发) chemicals than do males under the same conditions.

对动物和人的研究展示:性激素的多少影响着对压力的反应,同时导致了在相同的情况下,女性在压力下比男性产生更多的化合物。

 

 

 

In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats () had their ovaries (卵巢)( the female reproductive organs ) removed, their chemical responses become equal to those of the males.

一些研究展示,当移除承受巨大压力的老鼠的卵巢时(雌性生殖器官),它们产生的化学物质和雄性的一样多。

 

第三段

Adding to a women’s increased does of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.

增加女性增加压力的化学物质,就是增加压力的机会。

 

 

“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out (疲惫不堪的) from it more visibly(明显地) and sooner.”

Yehuda医生说:“女性未必不能很好地处理压力,恰恰是她们要处理的压力太多了,女性对压力的容忍能力甚至要比男性出色”她发现:“正是因为她们处理了大量的事情才导致她们更快更明显的疲惫不堪。”

 

 

第四段

(1) Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. (2) “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic (慢性的,长期的,习惯性的) or repeated nature. (3) Men go to war and exposed to combat stress. (4) Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. (5) The kinds of interpersonal(人际的,人与人之间的)violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic(家庭的,驯养的) situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. (6) The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite(很,相当,完全) devastating(毁灭性的,全然的;摧毁,毁坏).”

(1)Yehuda医生提出了男女之间的另一个不同

(2)我认为女性往往被暴露在一种长期性和重复性的事件中

(3)男人们去参加战争暴露出战争压力

(4)男人们暴露出更多的随机的身体暴力的行为

(5)不幸的是,女性暴露的压力往往来自于家庭中的父母或其他家庭成员并且这些压力不是一次可以解决的。

(6)这种来自于长久关系的磨损相当有毁灭性的打击。

 

 

第五段

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration(挫折) that that my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并且生下了一个儿子但是她决定读完大学 “我奋力读完大学。我的生活中有太多的挫折以至于我逃脱去学校为了走到前面去为了做的更好。”

 

 

Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother.

后来,她结婚了最终变成了一个单身妈妈。

 

 

“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

照顾一个孩子,找一份工作,支付租金,支付车费,还贷款这些都是艰难的事情。我生活在一个从付款到付款的生活中。

 

 

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe (严峻的;剧烈的;苛刻的) chronic stresses Alvarez describes.

不是每个人都经历过像Alvarez描述的严重慢性压力。

 

 

But most women today arecoping with (处理;应对) a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain (张力;拉紧;尽力).

但是,现代的女性要应对许多义务并且感觉到了压力,几乎没有喘息的机会。

 

 

Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse (扩散;传播;散开的) stress before it threatens your health and you ability to function.

Alvarez的经历说明在扩散的压力威胁到你的健康和你的身体的功能之前找到解决的方法是非常重要的。

 

 

题目翻译

21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically(生物学上,生物学地) more vulnerable to(易受攻击的) stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by(归因于) men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in cope with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations (倾向,爱好;斜坡) when faced with stress.

 

21.根据前两段下面哪一项是正确的?

[A] 从生物学上讲,女性更容易受到压力的攻击。

[B] 女性仍然遭受着来自男性给予的许多压力。

[C] 在解决压力上,女性比男性更富有经验。

[D] 当面临压力时,男性和女性展现出不同的倾向。

 

22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women?

[A] need extra doses of chemiacls to handle stress.

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.

[D] are exposed to more stress.

 

22.Yehuda医生的研究表明女性?

[A] 需要额外的化学物质去处理压力。

[B] 容忍压力的能力是有限的。

[C] 有更好的躲避压力的能力。

[D] 被暴露有更多的压力。

 

23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront (面临;遭遇;比较) tends to be

[A] domestic and temporary (暂时的,临时的;临时工).

[B] irregular and violent.

[C] durable(耐久的,持久的;耐用品) and frequent.

[D] trivial (不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的) and random

 

23.根据第四段女性面临的压力往往

[A] 家庭的和短暂的

[B] 无规律和暴力的

[C] 长期的和频繁的

[D] 琐碎的和随机的

 

24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) show that

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely (仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开的;频发地) covered her household expenses (家庭开支).

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check (使用支票).

 

24.句子“我生活在一个从付款到付款的生活中。”(第五段第六行)的意思是

[A] Alvarez除了赚钱其余什么也不关心。

[B] Alvarez的薪水仅仅只够她的家庭开支。

[C] Alvarez从不同的工作中获得工资。

[D] Alvarez使用支票支付每件东西。

 

25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No way out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemical Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women under Stress

 

25.下面哪一个是文章最好的标题

[A] 面对压力:无计可施?

[B] 压力的反应:性别的不同

[C] 压力分析:什么物质引起

[D] 性别的不平等:女性在压力下

 

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