1.《英语口译教程》（上、下册），仲伟合，高等教育出版社，2006。
2.《商务英语口译（第二版）》，赵军峰，高等教育出版社，2009.
3.《实用翻译教程（修订版）》，刘季春，中山大学出版社，2007年。
4.《商务英语翻译（英译汉）》（第二版），李明，高等教育出版社，2011。
5.《语用与翻译》，莫爱屏，高等教育出版社，2010.
6.《法律文本与法律翻译》，李克兴、张新红，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006
7.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019

报录比：1：8

真题分享：

〖WT12.H1〗Passage A〖WTXFZ〗

［1］ For anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this〖WW(〗:〖WW)〗 The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month -- more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co.,the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.

［2］ Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.

［3］Nielsen, at the request of The Wall Street Journal, analyzed cellphone bills of 60, 000 mobile subscribers and found adults made and received an average of 188 mobile phone calls a month in the 2010 period, down 25% from the same period three years earlier. Average monthly ‘talk minutes’ fell 5% for the period compared with 2009; among 18- to 24-year-olds, the decline was 17%.

［4］ Text messages -- also known as SMS (Short Message Service) -- take up less bandwidth than phone calls and cost less. A text message’s content is so condensed that it routinely fails, evenmore than email, to convey the writers tone and affect. The more we text, the greater the opportunity for misunderstanding.

［5］A recent survey of 2, 000 college students asked about their attitudes toward phone calls and text-messaging and found the students‘predominant goal was to pass along information in as little time, with as little small talk, as possible. ’What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people, says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D〖H点〗 C〖H点〗,who conducted the survey. ‘What they like least is that other people can reach them. ’

［6］ Part of what’s driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media〖H点〗 Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. And these sites also are pumping up sheer volume. Many Twitter and Facebook devotees create settings that alert them, via text message, every time a tweet or message is earmarked for them. In October 2009, 400 million texts alerted social-media users to such new messages across AT&T's wireless network, says Mark Collins, AT&T senior vice president for data and voice products; by September 2010, the number had more than doubled to one billion. (Twitter reports more than two billion tweets are sent each month.)

［7］ Economics has much to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes The name of the brand's new wireless plan〖WW(〗:〖WW)〗 ‘Beyond Talk. ’

［8］According to Nielsen, African-Americans and Hispanics send and receive an average of 780 and 767 texts a month respectively, compared with 566 for whites. The difference reflects economic disparity, says Ken Eisner, managing director at nonprofit One Economy, which connects low-income communities to technology. ‘If you don’t have broadband availability at home, if you don’t have ubiquitous 24/7 access to the web over a laptop or PC, you’ll find other ways to communicate,’Mr. Eisner says.

［9］Texting’s rise over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We default to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what Rich Ling, a researcher for the European telecom company Telenor and a professor at IT University in Copenhagen who studies teens and technology, has named ‘micro-coordination’ -- ‘I’ll txt u in 10 mins when I know wh/restrnt. ’

［10］Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. ‘When people have a mobile device and have even the smallest increment of extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,’ says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project.

［11］Anne McAndrews, a 21-year-old marketing major at Emerson College in Boston, says she and her friends almost never talk on the phone. ‘If I were to call someone, it would have to be urgent,’she says. ‘Otherwise, it’s sort of rude and invasive.’She takes a social-media marketing class to which Sprint has donated 10 of its newest mobile phones, the Evo and the EpiC〖H点〗 The devices are connected to the Sprint network, and students get unlimited calling, texting and Internet access at no cost to them. ‘They’ve taken photos and posted them to our blog and they’ve tweeted〖H点〗 But I don’t think a single student has a made a single call from one of these phones,’says David Gerzof, the class’s professor.

［12］The U. S. once lagged behind Asia and Europe in adopting the texting habit. But as U. S. telecom companies noticed a leveling-off in their customers’ use of talk minutes, they introduced more texting options and spent more on marketing them. In 2003, AT&T signed on to sponsor’ American Idol, ‘where viewers vote by texting to designated numbers.’ American Idol put texting on the map, says AT&T’s Mr. Collins.

［13］Parents of teenagers have figured out how to text so they can stay in touch with their kids. The ubiquitous Blackberry and other hand-held devices helped familiarize older users with thumb-typing on tiny keyboards. And they introduced the allure of constant communication, much of it done furtively under a boardroom or dining room table.

［14］Of course, the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of projects. The phone comes into play when there are multiple options to consider or binding decisions to be made.

［15］Textophiles think voice mail is a waste of time. Yet talkers like to talk. Mobile devices with recent versions of Google’s Android operating system have ‘voice input’ capability. Users tap on email or text-message fields and speak into the mobile’s microphone. Words appear as text on-screen. ‘It’s still a problem for people to become quick and efficient typers on a mobile phone,’ says Bill Byme, a Google voice-interface engineer.

［16］In 2005, an entrepreneur tried bringing texters and talkers together. James Siminoff founded PhoneTag, a service that transcribes voice-mail messages into text messages. Mr. Siminoff says his research indicates a five-hour lag between the time a voice mail is left and listened to. Retrieving and listening to a 30-second voice mail takes a minute, he says, but ‘scanning’ the text of a 30-second message takes about five seconds. ‘Voice mail is an old way of thinking in a digital lifestyle,’he says.

1〖H点〗 The word “texting” in “texting revolution” (Para. 1)has nothing to do with〖CD#5〗.

A〖H点〗 Text-based communication

B〖H点〗 Short message service

C〖H点〗 Textbook writing

D〖H点〗 Text messaging

2〖H点〗 Why do people use mobile phones less often than before in the United States? Because〖CD#5〗

A〖H点〗 They have to pay too high mobile phone bills

B〖H点〗 They don’t want to be interrupted by frequent phones calls

C〖H点〗 They find text messaging is more efficient

D〖H点〗 They are tired of making too many communications with others

3〖H点〗 Why do Hispanics and African-Americans send and receive more texts than whites on the average? Because they find our that〖CD#5〗,

A〖H点〗 Text messaging is cheaper and more convenient

B〖H点〗 Short message service is very helpful interesting

C〖H点〗 Text-based communications are very interesting

D〖H点〗 Texting is accessible to low-income communities

4〖H点〗 Which of the following statements is in conformity with the author’s idea?

A〖H点〗 Text messaging can never replace phone conversation completely.

B〖H点〗 Texting will soon take the place of phone conversation entirely.

C〖H点〗 It is uncertain whether mobile devices will become out of use.

D〖H点〗 Mobile devices will soon become obsolete due to texting explosion.

5〖H点〗 What kind of attitude does the author take towards texting?

A〖H点〗 She points out its advantages and disadvantages.

B〖H点〗 She makes a severe criticism of text messaging.

C〖H点〗 She argues texting will replace telephone talk.

D〖H点〗 She insists that texting will have no prospects.

答题技巧： 

简答题

1）名师解析：

简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。难度中等偏低。这就要求考生在复习的时候要把课本重要问题梳理清楚，要比较扎实的记忆。一般来说书本看到5遍以上可以达到记忆的效果。当然，记忆也要讲究方法。

（2）育明考研答题攻略：简答题定义框架答题法

定义——〉框架 ——〉总结

第一，先把简答题题干中涉及的最重要的1-2个名词进行阐述，类似于“名词解释”。很多人省略了这一点，无意中丢失了很多的分数。

第二，按照要求，搭建框架进行回答。回答要点一般3-5条，每条150-200字。

第三，进行简单的总结。

（3）温馨提示

第一，在回答简答题的时候，一定要有头有尾，换言之，必须要进行核心名词含义的阐释。

第二，在回答的时候字数一般在800-1000为佳，时间为15-20分钟。

育明教育，成立于2006年，到现在已经有十年的时间，在我们育明教育，每年都有成功学员积累的一些经验可供各位考生参考。育明教育整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。

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