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哈姆雷特王子关于生与死的那段著名台词的翻译

(2015-10-15 05:20:28)


【复制前言】署名fang的网友还复制了哈姆雷特王子那段著名的台词原文(两个版本)与朱生豪先生的优秀译文。我非常钦佩朱先生的人、才华与译文。在我重译《哈姆雷特》过程中我认真学习、借鉴先生的译文,但绝对没有抄袭行为。因此也把自己的译文找出来附在后面,欢迎网友对比审查,对我的译文批评指正!
To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune;
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing, end them: to die, to sleep
No more; and by a sleep, to say we end
The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to; 'Tis a consumation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die to sleep,
To sleep, perchance to dream; Aye, there's the rub,
For in that sleep of death, what dreams may come,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil1
Must give us pause. There's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life:
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,2,3
The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay,4
The insolence of office, and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make5
With a bare bodkin? Who would fardles bear6,7
To grunt and sweat under a weary life --
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscovered country, from whose bourn8
No traveler returns, puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have,
Than fly to others that we know not of.
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pitch and moment,
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action..

哈姆莱特  生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题;默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清,这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?死了;睡着了;什么都完了;要是在这一种睡眠之中,我们心头的创痛,以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击,都可以从此消失,那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了;睡着了;睡着了也许还会做梦;嗯,阻碍就在这儿:因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后,在那死的睡眠里,究竟将要做些什么梦,那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中,也就是为了这个缘故;谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视,要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子,就可以清算他自己的一生?谁愿意负着这样的重担,在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗,倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后,惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国,是它迷惑了我们的意志,使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折,不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去?这样,重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫,决心的赤热的光彩,被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色,伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下,也会逆流而退,失去了行动的意义。且慢!美丽的奥菲利娅!——女神,在你的祈祷之中,不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。

First Folio Version - 1623  
Hamlet - To be or not to be...

To be, or not to be, that is the Question:
Whether 'tis Nobler in the minde to suffer
The Slings and Arrowes of outragious Fortune;
Or to take Armes against a Sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them: to dye, to sleepe
No more; and by a sleepe, to say we end
The Heart-ake, and the thousand Naturall shockes
That Flesh is heyre too? 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To dye to sleepe,
To sleepe, perchance to Dreame; I, there's the rub,
For in that sleepe of death, what dreames may come,
When we have shuffel'd off this mortall coile,
Must give us pawse. There's the respect
That makes Calamity of so long life:
For who would beare the Whips and Scornes of time,
The Oppressors wrong, the poore mans Contumely,
The pangs of dispriz'd Love, the Lawes delay,
The insolence of Office, and the Spurnes
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himselfe might his Quietus make
With a bare Bodkin? Who would these fardles beare
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscovered Countrey, from whose Borne
No Traveller returnes, Puzels the will,
And makes us rather beare those illes we have,
Then flye to others that we know not of.
Thus Conscience does make Cowards of us all,
And thus the Native hew of resolution
Is sicklied o're, with the pale cast of Thought,
And enterprizes of great pith and moment,
With this regard their Currants turne away,
And loose the name of Action.


Quarto Version - 1604  
Hamlet - To be or not to be...

To be, or not to be, that is the question,
Whether tis nobler in the minde to suffer
The slings and arrowes of outragious fortune,
Or to take Armes against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing, end them, to die to sleepe
No more, and by a sleepe, to say we end
The hart-ake, and the thousand naturall shocks
That flesh is heire to; tis a consumation
Devoutly to be wisht to die to sleepe,
To sleepe, perchance to dreame, I there's the rub,
For in that sleepe of death what dreames may come
When we have shuffled off this mortall coyle
Must give us pause, there's the respect
That makes calamitie of so long life:
For who would beare the whips and scornes of time,
Th' oppressors wrong, the proude mans contumely,
The pangs of despiz'd love, the lawes delay,
The insolence of office, and the spurnes
That patient merrit of th' unworthy takes,
When he himselfe might his quietas make
With a bare bodkin; who would fardels beare,
To grunt and sweat under a wearie life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover'd country, from whose borne
No traviler returnes, puzzles the will,
And makes us rather beare those ills we have,
Then flie to others that we know not of.
Thus conscience dooes make cowards,
And thus the native hiew of resolution
Is sickled ore with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pitch and moment,
With this regard theyr currents turne awry,
And loose the name of action.

【附】曾冲明译:

哈姆雷特  活,还是死——这是摆在面前的问题。心里痛苦地忍受恶运的弹弓和毒箭,还是拿起武器去反对与结束人世间的千万种烦恼(或直译汪洋大海般的烦心事——哪样做更高贵呢?死了;睡了;什么都没有了;心里的伤痛和肉体承受的千百次自然打击,如果说一睡就可以结束;——这种结局当然是我们衷心希望的。死,或者睡;睡,或许还要做梦;啊,这里又有了问题(rub直译摩擦,或意译矛盾)。因为在死这种睡眠里(in the sleep of death或意译长眠于地下),当我们艰难地摆脱了人间的羁绊,什么样的梦会降临我们头上,这一定会使我们犹豫徘徊,止步不前;这也是造成如此长的人生灾难的原因。其实,谁愿意忍受时间的鞭打和嘲笑、压迫者的邪恶、骄矜者的傲慢无礼、爱情遭到轻视时的痛苦、法律的拖延、官吏的侮辱和小人们的轻视?(这些小人自己对此也忍气吞声,安之若素,他们仅用一根粗针就可以清算自己的一生!)谁愿意在痛苦生活的重压下呻吟、流汗?但对死的恐惧(或直译:对死后某东西的害怕,又没有哪个游客从那个神秘的国度返回——这就困惑(或译:迷乱)了我们的心志,使我们宁愿忍受我们现有的灾难,而不愿飞往我们不知道的天国。于是,这种心情使我们大家变成了懦夫;坚定的决心变成了犹豫不定的思想(直译:决心的本来色彩呈现出思想的苍白病容);伟大的事业(或直译:具有伟大时代意义的事业)在这方面也会随波逐流,微不足道,名不符实了。现在你小声一点儿,美丽可爱的奥菲丽娅,女神!在你的祈祷里,但愿记起我的全部罪过!

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