练习三
where考点
一、引导定语从句
where引导定语从句时是作关系副词,在从句里代替先行词充当地点状语的成分,相当于介词(in / at / on / ...)+which。
1. Stephen
Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to the only planet ___
life has developed gradually.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D. whose
此题选B。本题考查定语从句,where在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词
the only
planet。
2. The girl
arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her
sister ___ she would stay for an hour.
A.
where
B.
who
C.
which
D. what
此题选A。本题考查定语从句,where在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词the training centre。
另外,应注意where引导的两种形式相对特殊的定语从句:
(一)先行词为表“模糊化地点”的名词
在近年来高考英语对于where的考查中,先行词不仅仅是限于明显的表示具体地点的名词,也有表模糊化地点或表抽象化地点的名词,在这一类先行词后也可由where引导定语从句,在定语从句中作状语。这类模糊化的或表抽象的地点名词有:point, position, situation, condition,
state,atmosphere, case, scene, business,
stage等。例如:
3. I have
reached a point in my life ___ I am supposed to make decisions of
my own.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
how
D. why
此题选B。本题考查定语从句,where在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词a point。整个句子可分解为:I have reached a point in my
life;At the point I am supposed to make decisions of my
own.
4. It’s
helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves
differently.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
which
D. where
此题选D。本题考查定语从句,where在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词a situation。整个句子可分解为:It’s helpful to put children in a situation; In
this situation they can see themselves differently.
5. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to
readers ___ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the
law.
A.
where
B. when
C.
who
D. which
此题选A。本题考查定语从句,where在定语从句中作状语,修饰先行词cases。整个句子可分解为:Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to
readers; In these cases consumer complaints have resulted in
changes in the law.
(二)
由“介词+where”引导定语从句
在定语从句中,where还可以作介词的宾语,即由“介词+where”引导定语从句。外研版选修六中有一个例句:
The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff
overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from where the boats
attempted their landings.
划线部分相当于...,and from on
the cliff...或and from on which...,on which代替on the cliff,在从句中作介宾。
6. She stood
near the window, _______ she could see what happened.
A. from
where
B.
where
C. from
which
D. that
此题选A。from where
引导定语从句,where代替near the window。
二、引导地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句时是作从属连词,意为“在……的地方”或“到……的地方”。
7. Today, we
will begin ___ we stopped yesterday, so that no point will be left
out.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
how
D. what
此题选B。本句为where引导的地点状语从句。句意为:今天我们将从我们昨天停下的地方开始,这样就不会落下任何要点。
【注意】
指具体地点时,地点状语从句可置于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,地点状语从句须放在主句之前。
Where there
is a will, there is a
way.
有志者事竟成。
Wherever
there I smoke, there is a
fire.
无风不起浪。
另外要特别注意区分where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句:
8. — Mom,
what did your doctor
say? — He
advised me to live _______ the air is
fresher.
A. in
where
B. in which C. the place
where
D. where
此题选D。此题很多学生错选了选项B或C,这是由于学生没有搞清where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句之间的区别。where引导的地点状语从句前面没有先行词,而where引导的定语从句必须有先行词,相当于介词+which。在本题的备选项中,选项C如果改为at the place where / in which
也可作为正确答案。
三、引导名词性从句
where引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)时是作连接副词。
9. — Have
you finished the book?
— No. I’ve read up to ___ the children discover
the secret
cave.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
that
D. where
此题选D。考查where引导的宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。宾语从句中不缺少主语或宾语,故排除选项A、B、C。句意为:—
你读完那本书了吗? —
没有,我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的那个地方了。
10. Why not
try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ___ the best jobs
are.
此题选A。考查where引导的表语从句,where在从句中做表语。
四、使用where的注意事项
(一)
正确分析句子的结构,注意where与其他句式的结合
近年来高考英语为了增加试题的难度,在设计题干时往往会采用一些复杂的句式,而不是单单只考查一个简单的句式。
11. The
place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______
the cross-river traffic is the
heaviest.
A. which,
where
B. at which,
which
C. at which,
where
D. which, in which
此题选C。本题主句为:The place should be where the cross-river traffic
is the heaviest.
第一个空填at which
引导修饰the
place的定语从句:at which the bridge is supposed to be
built;第二个空填
where,引导表语从句。
12. — Where
did you get to know her?
— It was on
the farm ___ we worked.
A.
that
B.
there
C.
which
D. where
此题选D。关系副词where在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词the farm。而很多学生易误选A,错把其当成强调句,实际上本句是省略从句的强调句。根据上下文补充完整应该为:It was on the farm where we worked that I got to
know her.
而且本句中的where可以换为on which。
13. Could it
be in the room ___ we had a talk last night ___ you left your
keys?
A. that,
where
B. in which,
where
C. where,
that
D. where, where
此题选C。第一个空填
where,引导定语从句,说明是在哪个房间;第二个空填that,构成强调结构的疑问形式:Could it be in the room that you left your
keys?
(二)正确分析句子所缺的成分
14. — Do you
have anything to say for yourselves?
—
Yes,there’s one point ___ we must insist
on.
A.why
B.
where
C.
how
D.
/
15. After
graduation she reached a point in her career ___ she needed to
decide what to do.
(2007
江西卷,32)
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D. where
14题应选D,先行词one point在定语从句中做动词短语insist on
的宾语,因此可用关系代词that
或省略不填;15题应选D,整个句子可分解为:After graduation she reached a point in her
career; At the point she needed to decide what to do.
本句中缺少一个状语,所以选用关系副词where来引导,相当于at which。
16. — I
prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on
Sundays.
— That’s ___
I don’t agree. You should have a more active
life.
A.
where
B.
how
C.
when
D. what
此题选A。本题考查表语从句,agree为不及物动词,不能直接加宾语,故排除what,而how表示方式,when表示时间,均不符合语境。where在此处表示抽象的地点,故选A。
练习四
where引导定语从句时相当于“介词
+ which”,表示“……的地方”。这时,where在从句中作地点状语,前面有表示地点的先行词,引导的从句修饰先行词。
例1 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the
training center with her sister _______ she would stay for an
hour.
A. where B. who C.
which D. what
例1的句意为“这个女孩准备在培训中心和她姐姐一起上钢琴课,她将在那里待一个小时”。where相当于at which,在从句中作地点状语,故选A。
where在引导定语从句时,要注意以下两点:
(1)
先行词必须是表示地点的名词,且where在从句中必须作状语。“只要先行词是表示地点的名词,就要用where来引导定语从句”的认识是片面的。
例2 The science museum,_______ we visited during a
recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist
attractions.
A. which B. what C.
that D. where
例2的句意为“最近一次去英国旅游时,我们参观了科学博物馆,它是伦敦的旅游景点之一”。中间的分句是一个非限制性定语从句,填入的引导词在从句中作visited的宾语,而非地点状语,所以应该选which而不是where。
(2)
当where引导定语从句时,表示地点的先行词并不一定是实际的地方,也可以是point, situation, race和job等词,这时where分别表示“达到……程度”“在……情况下”“在比赛中”“在工作中”等。
例3 I have reached a point in my life ______ I am
supposed to make decisions of my own.
(2009年浙江卷第14题)
A. which B. where C. whether D.
why
例3的句意为“我已经到了应该自己做决定的那个人生阶段”。where修饰先行词point,在从句中作地点状语,故选B。
二、where在状语从句中的用法
where引导状语从句时相当于“in / at / to / from the place
where”,表示“在……的地方”。这时,where前面没有先行词,它引导的从句是主句的地点状语。
例4 Today, we will begin _______ we stopped
yesterday so that no point will be left out.
(2010年重庆卷第32题)
A. when B. where C. how D.
what
例4的句意为“今天,我们将从昨天停下的地方开始讲解,这样就不会漏掉要点”。这是一个状语从句,where
引导的从句修饰主句的谓语begin。也可转换为where
引导的定语从句来表示: we will
begin from the place where we stopped yesterday。
三、where在名词性从句中的用法
where引导名词性从句时,在从句中作地点状语,相当于“the place where”。与引导定语从句时不同的是,此时句中不需要先行词。
例5 ―I prefer shutting myself in and listening to
music all day on
Sundays.
―That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a
more active life.
(
A. where B. how C. when D.
what
例5中,回答者的意思是“那就是我不同意的地方,你应该过一种更加积极的生活”,根据句意,应该选用表示地点的引导词。how和when表示方式和时间,可以排除;虽然what可作宾语,但agree是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,所以也可以排除,因此选where。
练习五
翻译下列句子。
1.有志者事竟成。(Where引导状语从句)
2.那是我父亲工作的大楼。(Where引导定语从句)
3.司机问我想上哪儿去。(where
引导宾语从句)
4.书在你原来放的地方。(where
引导表语从句)
5.她回到她妈妈坐的地方。((where
引导介词 to
的宾语从句))
6.请呆在原处。(Where引导状语从句)
Keys:
1.Where
there is a will, there is a way.
2.That is
the building where my father worked.
3.The
driver asked me where I wanted to go.
4.The book
is where you left it.
5.She came
back to where her mother was sitting.
6.Please
stay where you are.
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