被动形式表主动意义

一、有些动词的主动形式后接反身代词作宾语，其被动形式表示主动意义。

1. He seats himself on a bench.

  He is seated on a bench.

2. He hid himself behind the door.

  He was hidden behind the door.

3. The students bury themselves in books.

  The students are buried in books.

4. The old professor devoted himself to teaching.

  The old professor was devoted herself to teaching.

5. The girl dressed herself in a blue skirt.

  The girl was dressed in a blue skirt.

二、有些动词的过去分词已成为形容词表状态，用被动表主动。

be lost  / be missing

be seated  / be sitting

be dressed (in)  / dressing sb.

be compared (with) / comparing with

be caught in  / catch sight of

be devoted to … / devoting oneself to

be drunk

be determined to do …

be surprised at

be shocked at

be prepared (for)

be occupied (in)

be graduated (from)

get married (to)

be pleased with

be satisfied with

be finished

1. They were lost in the woods.

2. He was drunk at the dinner.

3. They were determined to finish the job.

4. We are shocked to hear that he died.

5. He is graduated from a famous university.

6. He got married to a rich girl.

 

三、有些常见句型结构用被动形式表主动意义

1. It is said that …   据说

2. It is known that … 众所周知

3. It is suggested that … 有人建议

4. It is reported .. 据报道

5. It is believed that … 有人相信

6. It is hoped that … 在家希望

7. It is thought that … 在家认为

四、有些被动形式的系表结构表状态，主动意义。

1. The book was written by a young writer.

  The book is well written.

2. The window was broken by the naughty cat.

  The window is broken.

五、练习

1. ______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

  A. Having lost  B. Lost  C. Being  D. Losing

2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 

  A. Dressed  B. To dress  C. Dressing  D. Having dressing

3. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

  A. Compare  B. When comparing  C. Comparing  D. When compared

4. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party.

  A. get changed  B. get change  C. get changing  D. get to change

5. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

  A. Losing  B. Having lost  C. Lost  D. To lost

6. – She shouldn’t have done that sort of thing. 

– Whatever she did was reasonable, _______ to what you had done. Besides, it’s none of your business. Get down to ______ your lessons.

A.      comparing, doing  B. comparing, do  C. compared, doing  D. compared, do

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ as the plane was making a landing.

  A. seat  B. seating  C. seated  D. to be seating

8. As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.

  A. separated  B. spared  C. lost  D. missed

9. ______ (catch) the storm , we got drenched to the skin.

10. The weather report says that a storm will hit our city. In order to avoid ______, we must take our raincoat with us.

A. to catch  B. catching  C. to be caught  D. being caught    

11. ______ (catch) in the rain, Jane was wet all over.

12. ______ (dress) in a new dress, Jane looks more beautiful.

13. ______ (devote) to helping the poor, John is respected by us all.

14. ______ (devote) himself to helping the poor, John is respected by us all.

Keys: 1-5: BADAC  6-10 CC A, Caught, D  11-14 Caught, Dressed, Devoted, Devoting,