十五、表原因的固定句型
1. 表语或状语+as+主语+谓语(常用来引导让步状语从句),可表示原因。
Coward as he was, he ran back as soon as the enemy attacked. 他因为害怕所以敌人一进攻,他就往后跑。
Hard as he studied,he passed the test with ease. 他因为学习努力,所以轻松地通过了考试。
Tired as he was ,we decided not to disturb him.因为他累了,我们决定不去打扰他。
Hard as he studied, he passed the test with ease .由于学习刻苦,他很容易地通过了测试。
注:不要把上述句式与让步状语从句相混淆。如果把这两个句子中的形容词或副词移到分词之后,就很容易看出他们表示原因,而让步状语从句中的形容词或副词移至分词末尾时则句意不合逻辑。
2. “-ing + as it does 或 -ed + as it is” 结构可表示原因。
Living as we do in a remote village, we rarely have visitors. 因为我们住在一个偏僻的村子里,所以很少有人来访。
Knowing him as I do, I can tell you that he will not break his promise. 因为我了解他,所以我敢说他决不会违背诺言。
Situated as it was at the foot of the mountain, the house was very quiet. 这房子坐落在山脚下,因此很安静。
Written as it is in good English, the book sells very well. 这本书是用纯正英语写的,因此销路很好。
3. what with...and(what with)... 半因……,半因……;一方面由于……,一方面由于……(表示两方面原因)
* _______ continuous rain and a bad accommodation, we didn't enjoy our holiday very much
A. Apart from
B. With all C. Except for
D. What with
【解析】句意:一来是连续不断下雨,一来住宿条件太差,我们这次假期过得不怎么愉快。
what with ... and (what with) ... 用于引导原因状语,意为“一方面因为……一方面因为” 、“部分由于……,部分由于……”、“一来是……、二来是……”·、“一则是……,一则是……”等。这一结构中的 what 用作副词,相当于 partly 的意思,with 表示原因。
What with over work and what with hunger, John fell ill.一半由于工作过度,一半由于饥饿,约翰病倒了。
What with teaching and what with writing, my time is wholly taken up.
一是因忙于教课,二是因忙于写作,我的全部时间都被占去了。
What with drink and what with fright, he failed to give a clear account of the accident.
一半由于酒醉,一半由于惊吓,他讲不清事故发生的经过。
What with teaching and what with writing, my time is fully taken up. 一则教课,一则写作,我的时间全部被占满了。
What with the heavy rain and his not knowing the way, he was late. 下着大雨,再加道儿不熟,所以他迟到了。
What with hard work and what with taking too little care of himself, our headmaster came to leave this world at the age of fifty.
一半由于工作太累,一半由于太不关心自己,所以我们的校长五十岁就去世了。
What with ill overwork and under-nourishment, he fell ill at last. 由于过度劳累,加上营养不良,他终于病倒了。
What with having no exercise and being overweight, he he had a heart attack.
一是因为缺少锻炼,一是因为身体过胖,他的心脏病发作了。
What with all this work and so little sleep at nights, I don’t think I can go on much longer.
由于工作这么多,晚上睡得这么少,我恐怕干不下去了。
注:with也可用适当的其他介词。
What by policy and what by force, he finally accomplished their sinister design.
一半靠策略,一半靠暴力,他们的阴谋诡计终于得逞。
What for official business and what for private business, I have no leisure these days.
由于公务私事,我近来没有闲工夫。
What through the weather and what through the heavy load on board, the ship was late in arriving at the port.
注:这一结构一般列举两个原因,也可以列举三个或以上。
What with ill health, financial worries and anxiety about her children,
the poor woman broke down.
由于身体不好,为家庭经济状况焦急,为孩子操心等原因,这位可伶的女人的精神终于支持不住了。
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