一、find 用法概要
1. find sb. sth. 给某人找到……
2. find + 复合宾主
3. find + it + adj. + to do ... it 形式宾主
4. find that ... 宾主从句
5. find / look for / find out 用法区别
二、find用法详解
1. 表示“找到”,其后可接双宾语;若双宾语交换位置用介词 for引出间接宾语。
Can you find me a hotel?=Can you find a hotel for me? 你能给我找一家旅馆吗?
We found him a good job.=We found a good job for him. 我们为他找了份好工作。
Where did you find it? 你是在什么地方找到它的?
You’d better try and find another job. 你最好设法另找一份工作。
You’ll find the answers at the back of the book. 在书后你可找到答案。
比较下面一句(found 后为复合宾语):
We found him a good teacher. (=We found that he was a good teacher.) 我们发现他是位好老师。
Please find me my key. = Please find my key for me. 请给我找到我的钥匙。
We found him a good teacher. 我们发现他是位好老师。
= We found him to be a good teacher.
= We found that he was a good teacher.
歧义:我们给他找了一好老师。最好说:We found a good teacher for him.
They have found her a good secretary. 有歧义
They have found her to be a good secretary.
They have found a good secretary for her.
2. 表示“发现”时,其后可接各种形式的复合结构:
(1) 宾语+名词
You’ll find it a difficult book. 你会发现它是一本难懂的书。
有时可在宾语补足语前加上to be。
You’ll find it to be a difficult book. 你会发现它是一本难懂的书。
I didn’t find her an easy woman to work with. 我发现她不好共事。
I didn’t find it easy to work with her.
(2) 宾语+形容词
He found the room empty. 他发现房间是空的。
I found the book easy. 我觉得这书读起来比较容易。
We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。
有时可在宾语补足语前加上to be。
We find the story (to be) very interesting. 我们发现这个故事很有趣。
I find him very difficult to get along with.
I find it very difficult to get along with him.
(3) 宾语+副词
Did you find her in? 你发现她在家吗?
I went to her house but I found her out. 我到她家发现她不在家。
用作宾语补足语的副词通常只能是in, out, up, down, upstairs, downstairs等表示处所的副词小品词,而不能是其他普通副词。
The teacher found him out. 歧义
老师发现他不在家。
老师把他找了出来。
老师发现了他的过错。
(4) 宾语+不定式 (主要是to be, 偶尔见to do)
He found the patient to be a small boy. 他发现病人是一个小男孩。
用作宾语补足语的不定式通常为to be(且通常可以省略),但当find用于被动语态时,可以用其他动词。
Her blood was found to contain poison. 她的血液里被发现有毒。
He was found to have helped himself to public money. 他被发现挪用了公款。
I never find him (to) neglect his work. to do 时,to可省
Only once did I find him (to) lose his temper.
I find the book to be interesting. to be 时,to不可省
I have found him to be friendly.
(可以说:I have found him friendly.)
(5) 宾语+现在分词
I found him lying on the floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。
I found him standing at the door. 我发现他正站在门口。
A group of children were found playing on the playground. 有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。
(6) 宾语+过去分词
He found the door locked. 他发现门锁上了。
He found the city much changed. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
(7) 宾语+介词短语
We found her in tears. 我们发现她在哭泣。
We found the map quite out of date. 我们发现这地图已完全过时。
I found the boy hiding behind the door. 我发现这个小男孩躲在门后。
另外还要注意“find+形式宾语it+宾语补足语”结构。
I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。
He found it easy to earn extra money. 他发现赚点外快很容易。
I found it interesting being back at school again. 我发现再次回到学校很有意思。
He found it hard to finish the work in time. 他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难。
I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我感到旅行的时候有必要搞到一张地图。
3. 其后有时可接 that 从句。
I found that the book was very interesting. 我发现这本书很有趣。
They found that he was no longer working there. 他们发现他已经不在那儿工作了。
He found (that) no one could answer his question. 他发现没有人能回答他的问题。
When he arrived, he found that she had gone. 当他到达时,他发现她已经走了。
Now he found that he could relax a little. 现在他发现可以放松一下了。
Newton found that all masses attract each other. 牛顿发现所有物质都互相吸引。
He found that she was a cheat. =He found her to be a cheat. 他发现她是个骗子。
He found that some of the natives knew his language. 他发现有几个本地人懂他的语言。
后接 that 从句时,只要句型适合且不影响原意,有时可转换成复合结构,如上面的前面两句可转换为:
I found the book very interesting.
They found him no longer working there.
但是,上面的最后两句不适合这种转换,因为从句中用了情态动词或完成时态。
4. 用于 find oneself, 主要用法:
(1) 后接宾语补足语,含有出乎意料的意味,表示(突然)发现自己处于某种状态或来到某地方。如:
He woke up and found himself in hospital. 他醒来时发现自己在医院里。
He returned to England to find himself famous. 他回到英国,发现自己竟出了名。
Suddenly I found myself face to face with the man. 突然我发现自己面对面跟这个人站在一起。
(2) 表示发现自己的真实能力、性格、愿望等。如:
Mary tried several jobs but at last found herself as a teacher. 玛丽试做了几种工作,但最后发现自己还是适合于当老师。
(3) 指某人身体方面的自我感觉。如:
How do you find yourself today? 今天你觉得身体怎样?
* find是终止性动词,一般不与一段时间连用。
正:I found it a long time ago. 这个东西我找到很久了。
正:It is a long time since I found it.
误:I (have) found it for a long time.
* be 跟find不定式,find 通常用被动式to be foind
正:The lost child was nowhere to be found.
误:The lost child was nowhere to find. 习惯上不说
三、近义词辨析
* find 与 find out
find: 指偶然地“发现”、或通过实验而“发现”、或通过寻找而“找到”等
He found the lost child.
find out: 指通过调查或观察询问等而“查明情况或事实真相” 调查,搞清楚(learn a fact by study or inquiry
We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事实真相。
We must find out where he lives. 我们必须查明他住在什么地方。
He told a lie and was found out.
I found out from his children that he was away in town. find out 也可接that 从句 他离家进城
He found (out) that she was not an honest girl.
How is the car? What did you find out cbout it? 你的车怎么回事?查出什么(问题)没有?
The police found out the cause of the accident. 警方已查明事故的原因。
Hello, Can you tell me if the library will be open Saturday evenings?
Hold the line please, I'll find out. 请别挂电话,我查一查。
find 发现,找到,可能有意也可能无意;
find out 是设法去弄清楚、弄明白或设法找到难于找到的东西。
有时find out中的out可以省略。
Please find (out) what time they are coming. 请了解一下他们什么时候来。
You should find (out) who is to blame.
Please find (out) what time they’re coming.
* find / look for
find作"找到,寻找"解时,侧重寻找的结果
look for则侧重寻找的过程。
I lost my cellphone this morning. I've been looking for it ever since, but I haven't found it.
* find / discover / invent
find和discover均可用于指偶然发现或通过研究的发现。
find是较非正式用词,表示找到或发现的意思。
discover指通过有意识地寻找或查询,发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。
invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
Please find my hat for me. 请把我的帽子找来给我。
It was Columbus who discovered America in 1492.就是哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大?贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
四find短语
find oneself 发现自己真实的能力、性格等
find fault with 抱怨;挑剔(be sensitive to the others' shortcomings or imperfections)
I've done my best and you are still finding fault with my homework.
The boss was in such a bad mood that he began to find fault with his employees.
find one's way to 设法到达
The manager is always finding fault with my work. 经理总是对我的工作吹毛求疵。
I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路。
find (get) a bargain 买便宜货(buy sth. which is really cheap)
A: John told me he had got a second-hand car, do you know how much he paid for it?
B: Well, he said he paid 800 dollars for it. I think he got a real bargain.
Mrs.Clawford is very good at finding bargains. 克劳弗夫人很擅于买便宜货。
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