动名词的时态和语态

英语动词后面加上---ing， 构成动名词。它具有名词特征，可作主语、表语和定语。有时候还具有动词的一些特征，可以带有宾语和状语。

动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，语态分主动形式和被动形式。

以write为例，其动名词的时态和语态变化是：

一般式的主动语态：writing
一般式的被动语态：being written
完成式的主动语态：having written
完成式的被动语态：having been written

动名词的时态

动名词一般式

动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以与谓语动作同时，也可在谓语动作之前或之后，有时可能没有明确的先后关系。例如：

1. 没有明确的先后关系。例如：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
His job is teaching.他的工作是教书。

Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。

2. 与谓语动作同时发生。例如：

He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。

We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。

3. 发生在谓语动作之前。例如：

I apologize for not having kept my promise． 我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。

He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country．他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。

After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。

4. 发生在谓语动作之后。例如：

He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。

I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon． 我想下午去看工业展览。

Would you mind opening the window?把窗户打开好吗?

动名词完成式

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,这时通常用动名词的完成时态。

She denied having stolen anything．她否认偷过任何东西。

I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过那样的事。
I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得奖牌。
Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.托尼不高兴是因为没有被邀请参加聚会。

He did not admit having done anything wrong.他不承认做过错事。

动名词的被动式

动名词的被动语态也有一般式和完成式两种。

动名词一般式的被动语态

1.No one enjoys being made fun of in public.没人愿意当众被取笑。

2.He hated being treated like a child.他讨厌象对待小孩那样对待他。

3.We plant trees to prevent soil being washed away easily.我们栽树以防止土壤被轻易地冲走。

4.There is no need of the bike being stolen.自行车没有被偷的危险。

5.The fact of being supported by so many people is a great comfort.有这么多人支持，这是极大的安慰。

6.Friendship is the most important in his life. He can’t imagine being left alone in a strange place.

动名词完成式的被动语态

1.Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail?你记得曾经给你寄过这样一封电子邮件吗？

2.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.这栋房子没有已经受损的迹象。

3.He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.他为下棋从未被击败而自豪。

4.After he became conscious, he remembered having been attached and hit on the head with a rod.

5.Tony was very happy for not having been invited.

动名词的否定式：其否定形式是在doing前加上not

1.I am sorry for not being able to come earlier.对不起，没能早些来。

2.He didn’t mind not having been invited.没邀请他，他并不介意。

3.What surprised us was the boy’s not being allowed to see his mother.使我们意外的是不允许这孩子见他母亲。

4.It happened in spite of my not wanting it to happen.这事还是发生了，尽管我不希望它发生。

5.I was displeased at his not going away.他不走我不高兴。

6.What worried him most was their not going there.最使他担心的是，他们没有上那儿去。

7.His not coming back made us much disappointed.