1 明喻simile

as calm as a cucumber/you are like a hurrican ,there is calm in your eyes,but I am getting blown away.

2 暗喻metaphor

eg.

some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested./argument is war

3 借代metonymy

eg.

cradle---childhood/climb up the social ladder---get a promotion/brain drain

4 体喻synecdoche

eg.

count the heads/have three mouths to feed/respect the grey hairs

5 拟人personification