2.部分倒装（有助动词）

2.1 only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词+主语+谓语

e.g. Only then (状语) did I know the importance of learning.

e.g. Only him (宾语) did I see yesterday.

e.g. Only in this way(状语) can we meet the challenges and opportunities.

e.g. Only when he lost health(状语从句) did he know its value.

例外：only位于句首修饰主语不倒装

e.g. Only socialism can save China.

2.2 否定词语(never, seldom, little, few, barely, hardly…when, scarcely, rarely, no longer, no more, no sooner…than)+助动词+主语+谓语

   e.g. Never have I heard or seen such a thing.

   e.g. Hardly had we finished our work when the bell rang.

2.3 not开头的短语+助动词+主语+谓语

   e.g. Not a single mistake did he make.

   e.g. Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.

e.g. Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.(只有紧跟not的分句倒装)

(例外：not only…but also连接并列主语不倒装

e.g. Not only you but also I will attend the conference.)

   e.g. Not until then did he realize his own fault.

   (例外：not不在句首不倒装

e.g. Until then he didn’t realize his own fault.

e.g. It was not until then that he realized his own fault.

e.g. He didn’t realize his own fault until then. )

(例外：not sth.做主语，不倒装。

e.g. Not a word was said.)

2.4 no构成的短语(by no means, in no case, under no circumstances, ect) +助动词+主语+谓语

   e.g. In no time will you be all right.

   e.g. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.

   e.g. In no shape did he look to save a man’s life.

   e.g. At no period are so many people keen on politics.

2.5 no合成词+助动词+主语+谓语

   e.g. Nowhere will you find better roses than these.

   e.g. Nobody did I see there.

   例外：no合成词做主语不倒装

e.g. Nothing can make me turn against my country.

2.6 so/such/to such + 强调成分+助动词+主语+谓语

    e.g. So busy is he that he can’t attend the concert.

e.g. Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.

e.g. To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.

2.7 虚拟语气省略了if的倒装：助动词+主语+谓语

e.g. Were I you, I would help you.

e.g. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

e.g. should it rain, the crops would be saved.

2.8 neither/nor/no more+助动词+主语（表示也不）

e.g. The authorities were not sympathetic to the students' demands, neither(=nor) would they tolerate any disruption.

2.9 so+助动词+主语（表示也一样）

e.g. Joe was a little upset, and so was I.

e.g. She is a teacher. So is her mother.

2.10 neither … nor 两个都是否定，两个分句都倒装

e.g. Neither did they write nor did they telephone.

e.g. Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.

例外：连接并列主语不倒装

e.g. Neither you nor I like this book. （很好理解，因为倒装多半为了强调，主语已然在前，已然获得了强调，所以倒无可倒，无需再倒。）

2.11 无引导词的让步状语从句倒装需用动词原形进行倒装

     be+主语+or连接的两个表语

     e.g. Be he sick or well, he works entirely hard.

     be+主语+ever+so+形容词

     e.g. Be a child ever so clever, he can gain nothing without learning.

     动词原形+or连接的两个主语

     e.g. Come wind or rain, we will go there today.

(=Whether wind or rain comes, we will go there today.)

     动词原形+疑问词+主语+may/will

     e.g. I shall have to buy the coat, cost what it may.

     动词原形+or+动词原形

     e.g. Succeed or fail, it won’t matter to me.

2.12 比较状语从句中主语较长，或带有较长修饰语时可倒装，也可不倒

as+形容词+as+助动词

比较级+than+助动词+主语

e.g. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.

不倒装时：He ran as fast as the person who came from England did.

2.13 (just)as+助动词+主语+谓语（也可不倒装）

e.g. Our eating habits have changed, (just) as has our way of life.

2.14 频率副词或短语+助动词+主语+谓语

e.g. Twice within my lifetime have World Wars taken place.

e.g. Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.

英语倒装规则与例句

1.       完全倒装（无助动词）

1.1   there +谓语+主语

e.g. There are many students in our school.

e.g. There lies a temple near our cottage.

1.2   副词(here, there, now, then, such)+谓语+主语

e.g. Here comes the bus.

e.g. Then opens an epoch of social revolution.

例外：主语为代词不倒装

e.g. Here she comes.

1.3 方位副词(above, away, back, below, down, in, off, out, up) +谓语+主语

e.g. Away went the boy.

e.g. Off went the horse.

例外：主语为代词不倒装

e.g. Out he rushed.

1.4 表地点的介词短语+谓语+主语

e.g. At the corner stands a man selling newspapers.

例外：主语为代词不倒装

1.5 表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)+be+主语

e.g. Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.

e.g. Happy are those who are contended.

1.6 直接引语+谓语+主语

e.g. “God save me!” thought the old man.

例外：有助动词不倒装。

e.g. “I’m hungry,” she had said.

1.7  long live +主语+!

     e.g. Long live our friendship!

1.8 感叹词（what, how）+表语或宾语前置+主语+谓语+！

e.g. How blue the sky is!

e.g. What a simple life Einstein lived!

1.9 比较级（表语、状语、宾语）前置+主语+谓语

e.g. The busier he is, the happier he feels. (表语前置)

e.g. The less she worried, the better she worked. (状语前置)

e.g. The more books you read(宾语前置)，the wider your knowledge is.(表语)

1.10 no matter + wh-/how或wh- + ever/however+名词/形容词/副词前置+主语+谓语

e.g. Whatever(=no matter what) decisions he made, I would support it. (宾语前置)

e.g. However(=no matter how) carefully I explained, she still didn’t understand. (状语前置)

e.g. However(=no matter how) cold it is, he always goes swimming.(表语前置)

e.g. Whoever(=no matter who) you are, you should obey the rule. (表语前置)

1.11 副词/形容词/名词/ed分词/动词+as/though+主语+谓语

e.g. Much as I admire her, I can’t excuse her faults.

e.g. Young though she is, she has seen much of the world.

e.g. Man as he was, he behaved like a woman.

e.g. Tired though he was, he continued his work.

e.g. Try though I could, I couldn’t change her mind.

1.12 as/so+形容词或副词+as+主语+谓语

e.g. So bad as he is, he has his good points.

e.g. As much as I’d like to see you, you can’t come.

今天读完的原版：The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith

http://s13/middle/681c7f92tb5d59c9f5b6c&690

Oliver Goldsmith是古典主义的代表人物。果然很古典，主人公Dr Primrose无论到哪里谈论的都是很雅的话题。在狱中以为自己快死了还对狱友发表了一番宗教比哲学有用的见解，长达4页，占一整章。类似这样寓教于乐的哲学思考，充满整部小说，站在今天这个把什么严肃的意义都消解得厉害的时代来看，不禁有点诡异。

故事不错，语言也很好。草蛇灰线，伏脉千里。前三分之二都在埋线索，情节随着善良的Dr Primrose一家从中产绅士跌落到锒铛入狱，一文不名而逐渐升级。贯穿全文的宗教思想就是奉行benevolence的人最终会名利双收获得幸福。

Dr Primrose一直是个内心很noble而且善良的人。无论身处怎样的困顿，总是能以宽容和乐观之心待人。哪怕身处狱中，也想着要从灵魂上拯救狱友，说能救一个是一个。世间最宝贵的珍宝就是人的灵魂。如果他有什么错误的话，那就是太脱离人世，不知人心险恶。又太溺爱自己的家人，犯了纵容的错误。他的妻子和女儿总是借着好姿色，抱有攀龙附凤的想法。从而招致有钱又无德的贵族的坑害。大女儿跟贵族私奔终致抛弃，租的农庄又失火，失去了所有财产还欠下了年租。老头因救自己幼小的孩子被烧伤了。狠心的贵族还是以欠钱为由把他们送进了监狱。大女儿一病不起，老头以为大女儿死掉了。二女儿散步时被人抢走。好不容易大儿子可能在军队里能混出点出息，结果因为看到母亲要求报复的信而去找贵族决斗，结果人家根本不吃这一套，派了家丁来抓他，把决斗信作为违法的证据要将儿子也绳之以法。正是“屋漏偏逢连夜雨”。

正当所有希望破灭，好心的老头对狱友发表了一通最后的教诲打算自己归西的时候，贵族的叔叔——全国最有口皆碑的正义之士出现了，不仅英雄救美救了老头的二女儿，而且主持正义了了这一桩公案。所有人有情人终成眷属，自己也捞了一个号称不爱财产只爱他的美人——老头的二女儿。恶人——他侄儿——也没有得到惩罚。因为他和老头大女儿的假婚姻因为被骗子坑蒙拐骗搞了个真的结婚证而变成了真婚姻。大家重新回到有钱有爱的幸福生活。

其实大女儿和无德贵族的婚姻始终是有问题的，然而故事已经happy ending了，所以也只有想象了。毕竟那个时代婚姻主要不是讲爱，所以大概有了钱和名分，至于丈夫是不是无德，是不是曾经要致老丈人于死地，对喜剧作者来说是无关紧要的。

小说中有一些对下层人物的刻画让人印象深刻：

骗子说："From my own experience, that the knowing one is the silliest fellow under the sun."

的确是。Dr Primrose去集市上卖马，跟陌生人喝了几盅，听人家说了几句拉丁文就敬仰得五体投地。收了张永远无法兑现的支票就把马给人了。

老头家失火了，是他教区的教民们给了他们家人一些蔽体的衣服和厨房家什。老头被抓的时候，教民们赶来，"swearing they would never see their minister go to gaol while they had a drop of blood to shed in his defence." 后来群众被老头说退了。老头衣锦还乡的时候，老头的女婿赏了点酒钱给他们"drink for his health"。真是心酸，不过却很真实。

老头的大儿子出去闯荡世界。听人家说usher不好当，就决定要当作家。挖空心思写了点东西胆战心惊投出去，担心会招致批评，结果既没有赞美，也没有批评，直接沉没了。听人说去荷兰教英语赚钱，费了好大劲去了荷兰，结果发现要想教英语，需要先学会荷兰语才行。想去大学教希腊文混饭吃，校长跟他说，对于您对希腊文的热忱，我感到印象很深刻。但是您看，我不会希腊文，依然好吃好喝的。我不认为希腊文有什么重要的意义。最后，他只有靠在音乐才华不如他的农庄前当当云游艺人，弹弹曲，才能借宿一宿，继续上路。而在那些人人唱歌比他好的地方，连这一招都还不管用了，这一段写得很humble，着实精彩。

还有一段颇有宗教意味的描写让人很感动：

老头的大女儿私奔以后，老头气急败坏地追出去了，想要把女儿追回来。越追气越平，最后只是祈祷上天原谅他女儿犯下的罪。后来直接不追了。在回来的途中，小旅馆的老板娘揪着没钱的女房客的头发，要把女房客扫地出门的时候，老头突然听出是自己的女儿。于是父女哭作一团，父亲无条件地原谅了自己的女儿。并带她回家。小说的插图画着一位老父亲抱着一只迷途的羔羊回家。感动。