The following passage, set in the early 1970's,is from a 1992 novel. The principal characters, Virginia and Clayton, are two cellists in a college orchestra.

1 She'd met lots of crazy musicians, but no one like Clayton. He was as obsessed as the others, but he had a quirky sense of humor, a slow ironic counterpoint to his own beliefs. And he didn't look quite like anyone else. He wore his hair parted dangerously near the middle and com

(资料来源: Alice Omaggio Hadley. Teaching Language in Context   翻译: Rita Chiou)

壹、1960年代前的语言教学法

　　二十世纪以前，外语教学大多采用“文法翻译法”。但从本世纪开始，不同的教学法相继地问世。首先“文法翻译法”被“直接教学法”(1910至1920年代)所取代，继而“阅读教学法”(1920至1940年代)产生。在第二次世界大战期间，美国发展出所谓“军中外语教学法”(the Army Method)，此法后来成为“听说教学法上”，曾在1950至1960年代在美国和世界各地风靡一时；但后来仍遭“认知教学法”取而代之。

贰、1960年代后的创新教学法

　　1960年代以后的创新教学法有三大走向：1.“具有浓厚人本心理学”色彩的“团体学习法”(70年代初)和“暗示感应教学法”(70年代末)。2.以表达为主的“默示[潜移默化]教学法”(70年代初)。3.以理解为首要的“肢体回应教学法”(70年代末)和“自然学习法”(80年代初)等。上述各种创新的教学法，基本上是补救传统“听说教学法”的缺失而设计。换句话说，新的教学法是希望提醒教师，他所教的对象是

指代关联

Distinguishing between fact and opinion is a vital critical thinking and reasoning skill. To make wise decisions and solve problems effectively, you need to know the difference between what people think (opinion) and what people know (fact); between what people believe to be true (opinion) and what has been proven to be true (fact). You should also be able to determine whether something presented as fact is really true or if you should accept it as a tentative truth.

Introduction

If you’ve ever watched the popular TV series CSI, you know that the investigators on the show rely heavily on evidence to prove their theories and solve their cases. What does this mean? It means that before they point any fingers, they use scientific proof to justify their claims. As a viewer, you may have an opinion as to who committed the crime in question—that is, you may believe one character over another