出租汽车

New words and expressions

★taxi  n. 出租汽车(美语中为cab)

taxi driver 出租车司机;

taxi stand出租车站；

by taxi乘出租车

take a taxi / take a bus / take a lift

take a taxi to...打的去……

You may take a taxi to the station.

你可以坐出租车去车站。

 

★land  v. 1.着陆2.卸货3.落入

The plane will land in five minutes.飞机将在五分钟后降落。

The pilot landed the plane safely.飞行员将飞机安全着陆。

The ship landed the goods at Shanghai.船在上海卸货。

The ball landed in the lake.球落入湖中。

 

★plough  v. 耕地，犁地n. 犁

plough a field耕田

They plough in spring

他们在春耕。

 

☆lonely adj.偏僻的，人迹罕见的
lonely （人） 孤独的/ cold fish
She felt lonely.（感觉）（主观）
She is alone.（事实）（客观）
Home alone 独自在家

★lonely  adj. 1.偏僻的，人迹罕见的 2.孤单的，寂寞的

The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean.

这个人要飞往罗卡尔-大西洋上的一个孤岛。(前置定语)

When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.妻子和两个孩子离开他以后，他很孤独。（表语）

同义词辨析：alone/lonely

lonely指“孤单的”，“孤独的”

lonely指人孤独，有浓厚的感情色彩！

可作表语，也可做前置定语

alone 指“独自一个人” adj.\adv.

alone表示单独，独自一个，没有感情色彩的

He stays home alone on the weekends.

She watches TV when she is alone .

 

☆roof n.楼顶
ceiling 天花板
raise the roof v.喧哗，大声抱怨
hit the ceilling (美口)勃然大怒，暴跳如雷

★roof  n. 1.屋顶2.车篷3.顶部，最高点

There is a cat on our roof.

在我们的房顶上有一只猫。

the roof of the world世界屋脊

the roof of heaven天空

the roof of the mouth上颚

roof-roofs

固定搭配：no roof over one’s head无家可归under one’s roof住在自己家里under sb’s roof在某人家做客；寄人篱下；在某人照应下

 

☆block n.一座大楼;块
a block of flats 公寓楼
office block 办公楼

★ block  n.1.大楼，大厦2.街区3，障碍物，阻塞3.块，片（木，石等）

a block in the pipes管道阻塞

put up a road block设置路障；

a block in traffic交通阻塞；

a block of block一块石头

Turn left after two blocks.走过两个街区后往左拐。

It’s three blocks from my house to school.从我家到学校有三个街区。

 

☆flat n.公寓房
apartment 公寓（美）
a block of apartments 公寓楼

★ flat  n.（美） 公寓apartment（英） 公寓adj.1.平的，2.扁的，浅的 3.漏气的（轮胎）

a block of apartments

I hope to have a flat of my own.

我希望拥有一套属于自己的公寓房。

The earth is round, not flat.

地球是圆的，不是平的。

The car tires are flat.

这辆汽车的轮胎瘪了。

 

☆desert v.废弃 n.沙漠（重音迁移）
desert the house = let the room empty

★ desert  v. 废弃，抛弃，遗弃，舍弃.n.  沙漠

The village had been hurriedly deserted

这个村庄很快被遗弃了.

He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.

他抛弃了妻子儿女，出国去了。

同义词辨析：abandon, desert

abandon作“丢弃”讲时确切含义是“失去控制，或丧失了占有的能力”，或“放弃”某物而不准备再要了。

They abandoned the game because of rain.因为下雨比赛不得不停。

desert的确切含义是“过去占有过’或”过去是伙伴“。狭义地讲，这个词指”抛弃自己的义务“

a deserted street夜里无人的大街

the deserted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女

 

 

Does Captain Fawcett think any trip is too dangerous?

    Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

taxi  n. 

land  v. 

plough  v. 

lonely  adj.  

Welsh  adj. 

roof  n. 

block  n. 

flat  n. 

desert  v. 

参考译文

    本.弗西特机长买了一辆不同寻常的出租汽车，并开始了一项新的业务。这辆“出租汽车”是一架小型瑞士飞机，叫“皮勒特斯.波特“号。这架奇妙的飞机可以载7名乘客。然而，最令人惊奇的是它能够在任何地方降落：雪地上，水面上，甚至刚耕过的田里。弗西特机长的第一名乘客是位医生，他从伯明翰飞往威尔士山区一个偏僻的村庄。从那时开始，弗西特机长已经载送乘客到过许多不寻常的地方。一次，他把飞机降落在了一栋公寓楼的屋顶上；还有一次，降落在了一个废弃的停车场上。弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求。这个人想要飞往大西洋上的一个孤岛 -- 罗卡尔岛，弗西特机长之所以不送他去，是因为那段飞行太危险了。

 

 

text

1.Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service.

本。弗西特机长买了一辆不寻常的出租车，并开始了一项新的业务。

Captain+人名：某某上尉/机长/队长

begin a new service开始一项新业务

at a person’s service随时为(某人)服务/the telephone service电话服务/mail (postal) service邮政服务

2.The taxi is small Swiss aeroplane called a “Pilatus Porter”.这辆“出租车“是一架小型瑞士飞机，叫”皮勒特斯。波特.

过去分词短语called a “ Pilatus Porter”作后置定语修饰eroplane

The boy named Bill is from Switzerland.那个叫比尔的男孩是瑞士人。

The story books written by him are popular with everybody.他写的小说受到大家的欢迎。

☆called
call sb sth.
The instument was called a clavichord.
be called 被称为
The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'
called 在此句中为过去分词
过去分词作定语时，是作为被动语态来翻译的。-ing表示正在。
I have a cat called Lucy.
-ing; -ed 是非谓语动词
a ploughed field 被耕过的田
a deserted car park 被废弃的车场
written English 书面语
spoken English 口语
短语作定语时要后置
a race across the Atlantic(介词短语)
单个的词作定语时可放前边

 

3. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers.

bring，take，carry，fetch

　　这四个词都是动词，都含有"带"或"拿"的意思，但使用场合各不相同。

　　Bring作"带来"、"拿来"解; take是bring的对语，作"带去"、"拿去"解。例：

　　Next year you may bring your family over from England.

　　明年你可以把你的家属从英国带来。

　　Why don't you bring your girl friend to the party?

　　你为什么不把你的女友带来参加宴会?

　　Next time don't forget to brig me a copy of your work.

　　下次不要忘了把一份您的作品带给我。

　　Please take these books to the library for me.

　　请把这些书替我带到图书馆去。

　　Take the box away，please.

　　请把盒子拿走。

　　Carry表示"运载"、"携带"之意，运送的方式很多，可以用车、船，也可以用手甚至用头;fetch则表示"去拿来"(go and bring)的意思。例：

　　They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery.

　　他们正在把一些画带到艺术馆去。

　　This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.

　　这辆巴士规定乘载一百人。

　　Please fetch me the documents in that room.

　　请到那间房间去把那些文件拿来给我。

　　Please wait a minute.He's just gone out to fetch some water.

　　请等一会儿。他刚出去打水。

　　现将bring，take和fetch用在一个句中，以便区别：

　　Take that box and bring it with you，or if it is too heavy for you tocarry it，I'll send Joe to fetch it.

　　请注意，bring之后可以接不定式和动名词，如：

　　You will never bring me to admit it.或 You will never bring me to admitting it.

　　在这种场合下，英美人用不定式的居多。bring在这两句中表示 cause someone to do something之意(使某人做某事)。

fetch sth for sb 为某人取来某东西（为了某人而去取，不一定到他手中哦）

fetch sth to sb 取东西给某人（东西最后是要给那个人的）

 

4.The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.

然而，最令人惊奇的是，它能够在任何地方降落。

★The most surprising thing is that...最让我惊讶的
To my surprise,....
surprising 可以由其他词替换
The most exciting thing is that...
The happiest thing is that …

句型：系表结构，主语为“the most surprising thing about it’ 表语是that引导的从句，称为表语从句。however 可放在句子前边

that 从句在此处是表语从句

１．宾语从句中的that省略

２．定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。

The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match.

The happiest thing is that I can visit mother during the Spring.

定义

　　表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。 

A

　　The problem is puzzling. 

　　这个问题令人困惑 

　　主语,连系动词,形容词作表语 

　　The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 

　　问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 

　　主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句 

B

　　连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等 

　　His suggestion is good. 

　　他的建议是好的。 

　　His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 

　　他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 

　　The question is confusing. 

　　这个问题令人困惑. 

　　The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 

　　问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。  

注意

A

　　表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 

　　False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. 

　　Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 

B

　　不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。 

　　引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 

　　位于句首时要用whether 

　　引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether 

　　False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. 

　　Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 

　　Right: It looked as if he had understood this question. 

C

　　不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 

　　Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 

　　Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. 

D

　　that在表语从句中不可以省掉。 

案例分析

［考题1］

　　The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) 

　　A. when B. why C. whether D. that 

　　［答案］ D 

　　［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。 

［考题2］

　　You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004) 

　　A. why B. where C. what D. how 

　　［答案］ B 

　　［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。 

［考题3］

　　— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 

　　— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999) 

　　A. why B. when C. what D. where 

　　［答案］ A 

　　［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。 

表语从句与宾语从句的关系

　　宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。 

宾语从句

　　(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 

　　①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。 

　　②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。 

　　③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。 

表语从句

　　在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。 

　　如： What the police want to know is when you entered red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。 

　　The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。 

　　This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。 

　　That”s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 

　　His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。 

5 Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains.

各种关系代词的使用方法

a) 关系代词who的用法

i. who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾

语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:

（介词+whom）

This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.

She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party. （可以替代）

She is the girl whom (who) I went there with.  （可以替代）

She is the girl with whom I went there.    （不可替代）

ii. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:

1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

The ones who flatter me don’t please me.

Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.

Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.

2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词

Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes

made of the magic cloth.

Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候

I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in

Chinese.

4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

5. 在there be 开头的句子中

There is an old man who wants to see you.

There are many young men who are against him.

 

6.Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.从那时开始，弗西特机长已载送乘客到许多不寻常的地方。

现在完成时标志性时间状语

since then/so far/up to now

since then 强调起点

so far/up to now 强调终点

since then 从...起（到现在为止）
by then /by that time 到...为止

☆fly sb to..开飞机送某人去
My friend drove me to Tianjing.
drive sb to...开车送某人去

 

7.Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in...

Once...and on another occasion一次…… 还有一次……

He is a naughty boy, once he broke his neighbour’s window glass and on another occasion, he played with fire.

他是一个淘气的男孩，一次他打破了邻居的玻璃窗，还有一次他玩火了。

on several occasion在几次不同的场合

on occasion偶尔

in honor of the occasion为表祝贺

 

8.Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman.弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求。

= Captain Fawcett has just refused a businessman’s strange request.

refuse a request from sb. = refuse sb’s request

☆request from 来自某人的请求
request for sth. 要求得到

☆refuse / deny
refuse 拒绝
deny 否认
refuse to do sth
deny doing /+从句

refuse/deny

refuse拒绝（一个请求或给予的某种东西）

Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman.

deny否认（一种指控）

He denied that he had stolen the money.

他否认曾偷过钱。

 

9.The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but...这个人想要飞往大西洋的一个孤岛——罗卡尔，但是

a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean是Rockall的同位语

e.g. He wanted to visit the Forbidden City, the living place of old emperor.他想去参观紫禁城——古代帝王的居所。

The Atlantic Ocean; the Pacific Ocean; the Indian Ocean; the Arctic Ocean

 

10.but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous☆take sb to school 送某人上学

☆too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义
very 强调程度深
too 强调程度达到了人们不愿意去做
very expensive 买得起
too expensive 买不起

very/too

very很，非常 I arrived very late but I caught the rain.我到得非常迟，但赶上了火车

too太，过于I arrived too late and I missed the train. 我到得太迟，误了火车

 

1.现在完成时的时间状语多表示到现在为止的这段时间：since+某一时间，for+一段时间，up till now, just, before等。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作，时间状语多为last year(month), ago(3 years ago), in +某一年，just mow等。

I saw him in 1994.

I haven’t seen him since 1994.

I saw him 3 years ago.

I haven’t seen him for 3 years.

He stayed at this hotel last month.

Have you ever stayed at this hotel?

I went abroad last year.

Up till now, I have never been abroad before.

2.用already, yet, just, ever, never, 这类副词作状语时，常用于现在完成时。

I have already received a letter from my brother, Tim.

The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.

They’ve just arrived.

Have you ever been to London?

I have never been there.

 

 

When you go to the kitchen，please （fetch）（bring）me a glass of water

The ball went over the fence and the football player asked a boy to （fetch）（bring）it

When I asked him he （refused）（denied）to tell me

Do you （deny）（refuse）that you have told me a lie？

How are you？（Too）（Very）well，thank you

 

 

练习

3         The ‘taxi’ is a small Swiss aeroplane ______ called a ‘Pilatus Porter’.
(a) who is
(b) whom is
(c) which is
(d) whose is
(c)

句中的关系代词修饰的先行词aeroplane是物而不是人，并且关系代词在从句中作主语，所以（a）who is不对，因为who修饰的先行词是人；（b）whom is也不对，因为whom修饰的先行词也是人，而且whom在从句中作宾语；（d）whose is也不对，尽管whose可以修饰人或物，但在从句中作定语；只有（c）which is是正确的，因为which修饰的先行词是物，并且在从句中既可作主语又可作宾语。
4  This is the most surprising thing about it. It is ______ than anything.
(a) most surprising
(b) more surprising
(c) more surprised
(d) most surprised
(b)
5  He flew a doctor to a Welsh village. ______ he has flown to many unusual places.
(a) From then
(b) By then
(c) By that time
(d) Since that time
(d)         
（a）From then不是正确的表达方式，From then on才是“从那时起”的意思；（b）By then、（c）By that time都有“到那时为止”的意思，指截止到过去的某一时间，都不能用于现在完
6  It's an unusual taxi. It isn't very ______ .
(a) accustomed
(b) common
(c) usually
(d) used to
(b)
7  The ploughed field is ready for ______ .
(a) sewing
(b) sowing
(c) seeding
(d) growing

只有（b）sowing（播种）符合逻辑：“耕好的地是准备播种的”，而且sow是不及物动词，后面不需要跟宾语；（a）sewing（缝纫）与耕地无关，是错的；（d）growing（生长）也不是ploughed field is ready的目的，也不对；（c）seeding（播种，结出种子）意思相近，但seed是及物动词，后面要跟宾语的，且常与with连用，如seed the field with wheat，这里后面没有宾语，也是错的。
(b)
8  It's a lonely village. It is ______ .
(a) far
(b) far from anywhere
(c) alone
(d) the only one
(b)
9  Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual ______ .
(a) parts
(b) pieces
(c) spots
(d) sections
(c)

这里要选一个词代替课文中的places。（a）parts、（d）sections的意思都是“部分”，概念比较模糊，没有“地点”的意思；（b）pieces（片，块）意思更不对；只有（c）spots（地点，场所）含义正确。
10  The car park was deserted. It was ______ .
(a) a desert
(b) empty
(c) abandoned
(d) wasted

只有（b）empty（空的，无人占据的）同前一句中的deserted（废弃的）意思相近；而（a）a desert（沙漠）、（c）abandoned（被抛弃的）、（d）wasted（浪费的）这三个词都与deserted含义不同。