*ten-, to stretch伸展 → hold拿住

印语词根	*ten-	t	e [e/ɛ/ə]	n	﹡添加后缀
英语词根	ten	t	e	n
	tend	t	e	n	d/t
	tens	t	e	n	﹡s
	tenu	t	e	n	u/ü/ÿ/y
	teno (腱)	t	e	n	o
	tain	t	ai [ei / e]	n	变体：tein, tæn
	tin	t	i [ə / i]	n
	ton	t	o [ə / əu]	n	弦；声音，音高
	tun	t	u [ə / jə / ju]	n	tune曲调
	*thun	th	u	n	loud rustling, deep noise

﹡这属于印欧词根的Root extensions (词根扩展)

Root extensions are additions of one or two sounds, often plosives(爆破音), to the end of a root which do not seem to change its meaning. The source of these extensions is not known.

﹡[t]咝音化(affrication)> [s]，在拉丁语的不定式变为过去分词常见，如：tend-ere (to stretch) > tens-us (stretched)

﹡thun-归入IE base *ten-，有异议。

﹡以上的元音变化属元音交替(ablaut)法则。

 http://s11/bmiddle/60dc6eefhaf80f6d83c7a&690

2011年10月15日，邓建国欠债不还头等舱中被拘。

 

★ detain [di'tein]  vt. 拘留；留住；耽搁

｛de-, off from + -tain, hold｝

※ to hold one off from where one is usually by force

 

★主流宗族成员(不完全列举)：

tenable, untenable, tenacious, tenacity, tenaculum, tenancy, tenant, undertenant, subtenancy, subtenant, tenantable, tenantless, tenantry, tenant-peasant, tenement, tenemental, tenemantary, tenet, tennis, tenon, tenoner, tenor, tenure, tenuto, continue, continual, continuance, continuant, continuation, continuative, continuator, continued, continuing, continuity, continuous, continuum, continent, continent, continental, transcontinental, continence, incontinence, incontinent, discontinue, discontinuity, discontinuous, discontinuance, sustain, sustainable, sustained, sustainer, sustaining, sustenance, sustentation, obtain, obtainable, unobtainable, abstain, abstainer, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, nonabstainer, contain, container, containerize, containerization, containment, content, content, contented, contentment, discontent, discontented, malcontent, , detain, detainee, detainer, detent, detention, detenu, , retain, retainable, retainer, retention, retentive, retentivity, retenue, irretention, irretentive, tend, tendance, tendency, tendentious, tender, tenderer, tender, dendril, tendon, teninous, untended, attend, attendance, attendant, nonattendance, unattended, contend, distend, extend, extended, coextend, coextensive, coextension, overextend, intend, intendance, intendant, intendacy, intended, intendment, superintendence, superintend, superintendent, unintended, intent, intention, intentional, unintentional, tense, tensible, tensility, tensionmeter, tension, tensity, tensive, tensometer, tensor, attention, attentive, inattention, inattentive, contention, contentious, distensible, distension, extension, extensional, extensive, extensible, extensibility, extensometer, extensor, extent, inextensible, hypertension, hypertensive, hypotension, intense, intension, intensity, intensive, intensify, intensifier, intensification, ostensible, ostensive, ostentation, ostentatious, unostentatious, tent, tentage, tenless, tenter, tenthook, pretend, pretender, pretension, pretentious, pretence, unpretending, unpretentious, tenuity, tenuous, attenuate, attenuation, attenuator, extenuate, extenuating, extenuation, extenuatory

tone, tonal, tonality, toneless, toner, tonetic, tonetics, tonic, tonicity, tonometer, tonomtry, tonoscope, atonal, atonality, atony, catatonia, catatonic, detonable, detonate, detonation, detonator, diatonic, hypertonic, intone, intoation, isotone, isotonic, microtone, monotone, monotonic, monotonous, monotony, overtone, polytonality, semitone, undertone, syntonic (共振的；谐振的), baritone(男中音)

tune, tunable, tuneless, tuner, tune-pattern, tunesmith, tune-up, tuneful, tuning, tuny, thunder, thunderer, thundery, thunderbird, thunderclap, thunder-gust, thundershower, thunderstorm, thunderstruck, thundering, thunderous

 

★边缘宗族成员(简略解析，仅供参考)：

 

☆ tenesmus [ti'nezməs, -'nes-]  n. 【病理学】里急后重，下坠

｛ten-, to stretch + -esmus, noun suffix｝※ -esmus源自希腊语名词后缀-esmos

 

☆ anatase ['ænəteis]  n. [矿物] 锐钛矿

｛ana-, up, back, again + ta- (< tein-), to stretch + -se (< -sis)｝（要求教学化学的老师了）

 

☆ bronchiectasis [,brɔŋki'ektəsis]  n. [内科] 支气管扩张

｛bronchi-, bronchia 支气管 + -ectasis, a stretching out 扩张，膨胀｝

※-ectasis = ec- (= ex-), out 外 + -ta-(同上) + -asis, denoting disease names 病名

 

☆ telangiectasia [ti,lændʒiek'teiziə, -ʒiə]  n. 毛细管扩张

｛tel(o)-, end [医] 末，终，端 + angi-, vessel 血管 + ec- (= ex-), out 外 + -ta-(同上) + -(a)sia (= -asis), denoting disease names 病名｝

 

☆ catatonia [,kætə'təuniə]  n. [内科] 紧张症

｛cata-, thoroughly, intensive pref. + -tonia 【医学】表示“紧张”｝cf. hypertonia(过度紧张)

※-tonia = -ton-, to stretch + -ia, denoting disease names 病名

 

☆ epitasis [i'pitəsis]  n. 剧情逐渐紧凑之部分；（古典戏剧中）导致灾祸来临的高潮部分

｛epi-, after + -ta-(同上) + -sis (同上)｝ cf. epilogue (结语，收场白；尾声，后记)

 

☆ protasis ['prɔtəsis]  n. 条件从句；序诗；古典戏剧的开场部分

｛pro-, in front of 在…前面 + -ta-(同上) + -sis (同上)｝

 

☆ hypotenuse [hai'pɔtənju:z]  n. 直角三角形的斜边

｛hypo-, under; beneath 在…下；低於；次於  + -ten- + -use (< -ousa, Gk. feminine present participle suffix 希腊语阴性现在分词后缀)｝subtending (line)

 

☆ peritoneum [,peritəu'ni:əm]  n. 腹膜

｛peri-, around 周围 + -ton-, stretch + -eum 中性形容词字尾用作名词字尾｝ ※对应阳性形容词字尾“-eus”衍生为英语后缀：“-eous”。cf. righteous (正义的；正直的；公正的), gaseous (气态的，气体的), aqueous (水的，水般的)

cf. perimeter (周长)

 

☆ portend [pɔ:'tend, pəu-]  vt. 预示；预兆；意味着

｛por- (= pro-), before 在前 + -tend, stretch 伸展｝

※ 伸展于(事)前 > foretell 预言

 

☆ tonoplast ['təunəplæst, 'tɔnəu-]  n. (包围植物细胞液泡的)[植] 液泡膜

｛tono-, tension; pressure [医] 紧张，张力；强直 + -plast原始细胞，(小)体｝

 

☆ taenia ['ti:niə]  n. 绦虫；发带

｛taen- (= tain-), stretch + -ia, denoting biologic names 表生物名｝拉伸 → 线长带状物

 

☆ polytene ['pɔliti:n]  n. 聚乙烯纤维  adj. 多线染色体的；(染色体)多线性的

｛poly-, many 多 + -ten- (cf. taenia) + -e｝

 

☆ tetanus ['tetənəs]  n. 【病理学】破伤风；【生理学】 (肌肉)强直性痉挛

｛te- (= ten-), stretch + tan- (= ten-), stretch + -us, masculine adj. suffix｝

这就是重叠构词(reduplication)，重复一个词的基本音节或词素等来构词。

 

☆ lieutenant [lu:'tenənt]  n. 中尉；副官；助理人员

｛lieu 代替 + tenant (ten- + -ant), holder 占用者，持有人 → 副官；助理人员｝

cf. in lieu of (in place of) 代替

该词本义指的是代理别人做某事的人。这种用法至今仍使用，例如，我们的短语lieutenant governor(副州长)州长的副职和必要时代替州长的人。在军事用语中，lieutenant 单独出现， 也在复合词如first lieutenant (中尉)及second lieutenants(少尉)中出现，这把情况搞复杂了一些，但这个词在军事用语中的原始意义是它所指的军官低于上一级军官，在必要时可以取代他。因此，美国陆军中的一名中尉可以取代上尉(captain)。

 

☆ pertinacious [,pə:ti'neiʃəs]  adj. 顽固的；执拗的

｛per-, completely; very + -tin-, hold + -acious, full of 充满～的｝ cf. tenacious(顽强的), fallacious(谬误的), rapacious(掠夺的), sagacious(有远见的), veracious(说实话的)

 

☆ retinaculum [,reti'nækjuləm]  n. 支持带；韧带；[植] 着粉腺

｛retin-, retain保持 + -a-源自拉丁语动词构干元音“-ā-” + -culum (> -cule), small, little 指小词后缀，表示“小”｝ cf. animalcule (微生物)

 

☆ tendril ['tendril]  n. 卷须；蔓；卷须状物

｛tend-, stretch + -ril (= -rel), little, small 指小词后缀，表示“小，细小”｝

 

☆ thin [θin]  n. 细小部分  adj. 薄的；瘦的；稀薄的；微弱的  vt. 使瘦；使淡；使稀疏  vi. 变薄；变瘦；变淡  adv. 稀疏地；微弱地

 

☆ Thor [θɔ:]  n. 托尔(北欧神话中司雷、战争及农业的神) cf. Thursday (Thor's Day)〖存疑〗

 

解析粗略，仅供讨论。