1、希腊文化是整个西方文化的摇篮，是西方最早的一种文化形态。它起源于爱琴海文明，其发展历程被史学家们分成了四个时代：

Greek culture is cradle of Western culture as a whole, and one of Western cultural patterns. It originated in the Aegean civilization, and its historical development have been divided into four age by historians.

荷马时代是古希腊由原始社会向奴隶社会过渡的时期，这个时期主要留存的文献就是荷马史诗。荷马史诗是古希腊以说唱形式流传下来的英雄传说，欧洲文学史上最早的丰碑。

Homer's era was a period that ancient Greek was transition from primitive society to slave society. Homer's epic was the main reservation literature during this era, was hero legends that were handed down in the form of hip-hop in ancient Greek, and the earliest monument in the history of European literature.

城邦社会时代是希腊奴隶社会形成的阶段，从此时开始希腊成为地域性商贸中心，形成了两大城邦：农业为主的斯巴达和商业为主的雅典。

Social era of city-states was stage of formation of Greek slave society. From this beginning, Greece became a regional business center, forming two major city-states: agriculture-oriented Sparta and business-oriented Athens.

两大战争时代，发生了两次大战即希波战争和伯罗奔尼撒战争。希波战争使雅典顺势成为诸城邦的首领，到达城邦经济发展的颠峰，成为古希腊的中心。而伯罗奔尼撒战争属于希腊内战，发生在斯巴达和希腊之间，此次战争直接动摇了城邦制的社会基础。战后，古希腊由此陷入重重危机。

Two war era refers to period of the Persian War and the Peloponnesian War. Greco-Persian war led Athens to become the head of various city-states, and reached the peak of city-state's economic development. Athens became the center of ancient Greece. The Peloponnesian War which has shaken directly to social basis of city-state system, belonged to the Greek civil war and took place between Sparta and Greece. After the war, ancient Greece was thrown into deadly threat.

衰亡时代，马其顿城邦崛起，形成压倒性的军事霸权。百年后，希腊并入罗马版图。

In the decline and fall times, Macedonia, a city-state, rise to form the overwhelming military supremacy. A century later, the Greek was incorporated into Roman territory.

2、希腊文化的特点：一个是自然崇拜，包括两个内容：一个是对大自然本身的崇拜。另一个更为重要的是对自己自然形体的崇拜，对肉体的崇拜。希腊人对身体的看重远远胜过对灵魂的看重。第二个是感觉主义，即感性主义，没有太多理性。表现在两个方面，一个是对美的事物的热爱，凡是美的就是神。第二个表现是对现世生活的热爱，希腊人从来不想彼岸生活。这两个特点共同构成了希腊文化的总的特点——和谐之美。

Greek culture has two characteristics. One is nature worship, including two elements: one is worship of nature itself. An even more important is worship of their own natural body and the flesh. The Greeks valued the body much more than the value of the soul. The other is sensationalism, that is, emotionalism, and there is not much reason, also including two elements: one is a love of things of beauty, and any beauty is God. One is the love of this life, and the Greeks never wanted the other side of life. The two features together constitute general characteristics of Greek culture, that is, harmonious beauty.

3、影响，一句话，它是西方文化的精神源泉，是人类遗产的重要组成部分，是人类的童年。

Greek cultural influence is very large. In a word, it is the spiritual source of Western culture, is an important part of the heritage of mankind, is mankind's childhood.