标签:
it/科技 |
分类: 威客理论研究 |
前言:2007年9月
中国科学院研究生院管理学院工商管理硕士郭龙完成了《威客(witkey)的商业模式分析〉的英文翻译。感谢他的工作.
Analysis On the Business Pattern of
Witkey
By Liu Feng
Since its rudimental websites emerged in 2002,
witkey has never enjoyed its prosperity as that in 2005 when
Google, Baidu, Sina, Yahoo and other main website operators
entering this field. As a rising business pattern of internet,
witkey has to confront with various problems, particularly,
intellectual rights, fraudulence of users and classification of
knowledge. Just like searching engines, witkey is deemed to be a
wheel to impel the development of internet, but for its function in
finding solutions for new problems by using man’s wisdom rather
than machines’, which indicates the fable of “knowledge is
wealth”.
I.
The Presence of Witkey
BBS presented in the late 70s’ when there was no
explorer, searching engine, or individual websites, and performed
its functions of issuing news, posting trade information, personal
thoughts and interactive questions and answers. The former three
functions were developed into independent websites for news,
e-business and blogs and eventually formed their own portals, like
sina, ebay, and Blog China, and the fourth function performing
interactive questions and answers one is still in the way of
separation. Following are the demonstration of
these functions separating from BBS.
1. The evolution of news website.
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2.1 Eevolution of News Websites
2. Evolution of e-business websites
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2.2 Evolution of e-business
websites
3. Evolution of blog websitehttp://www.witkey.com.cn/lfarticle/image/blog.jpgOn the Business Pattern of Witkey" TITLE="Analysis On the Business Pattern of Witkey" />
2.3 Evolution of blog websites
4. Evolution of Interactive website
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2.4 Evolution of Interactive
website
The fourth model separates from bbs is the origin
of witkeys, by which term witkeys are those supplying solutions to
specific problems with the support of individual knowledge, skills
and experience. “witkey” refers to the key wit of them, therefore
the mutual questions and answer is called witkey model. There is no
portal of witkeys, except for the ,,,,which hints the practical
effect of witkey.
II. Definition and illustration.
Witkey model: A fresh internet model by which
intelligence, knowledge, capacity and experience are turned into
practical turnovers. It can be applied in the fields of science,
technology, working, life and study. Witkey model embodies human
orientation and distribution according to work.
Witkeys: people who turns their intelligence,
knowledge, capacity and experience into practical turnovers by
solving problems occurring in science, technology, working, life
and study and materializing the value of knowledge, intelligence,
experience and skills.
A mature wikey model should consist five parts:
question and awarded answer system, map of individual witkeys,
intelligence trading platform and credit system(as in figure 2.5).
The existing witkey websites mainly lack individual witmaps,
business witmaps, trading platform of intelligence products and
credit system, which make the core parts of witkey model.
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III. The practice and development of
witkey.
Following are the three witkey practices:
1. Rewarding—The inquirer posts his questions
with a specific award and witkeys tender for the right of answering
them. The model websites are google answer, sina I ask, inquirers
enjoying advantage.
2. Selling – Witkeys save their products of
skills, knowledge and intelligence in the websits. The inquirers
search for these products and buy it out, while witkeys enjoying
advantages.
3. Witmap makes the most extraordinary fruits of
witkey models as witmaps can integrate the key factors of witkeys
such as location, expertise fields, interests and contact details
to form a searching engine.
The three practices above will unite as complete
witkey websites.
Directions of witkeys:
After years of development, blogs can finally
abandon free sharing and mark the price of individual intelligence
products, which results in the formation of a platform for selling
knowledge. When the inquirers’ demands are not met, they turn to
awarding. Therefore witkeys were founded by providing these two
services.
With its awarding and trading system, an awarding
website can accumulate all the valid answers to form a think tank,
and offer these answers to the other inquirers. If awarding witkeys
enables the individual witkeys to post their products in advance,
and integrates with the knowledge selling functions, a complete
witkey websits is accomplished.
Witmap is the ramification of awarding websites
and knowledge selling websites, for the most dominant practice of
witkeys is finding solutions by finding the right person.
The core values of witkey.
1. Internet is not for connecting machines but
for connecting human brains.
2. In the elementary period of internet,
everything is shared for free, but in the next period, prominence
will be given to the value of experience, intelligence and
knowledge.
Witkeys have a long way to go to realize these
two targets.
Who can be witkey?
Not everybody is born to be witkeys. Firstly,
witkeys have to be familiar with the internet and on-line
interactive questions & answers. Secondly, witkeys are
resourceful in valuable knowledge, intelligence and experience. And
the others have to learn how to master knowledge and improve their
expertise, and become a real witkey after they obtain some income
from answering on-line interactive questions.
IV. the difference between witkeys, blogs and
wikis.
Blogs and witkeys both come of BBS. The former
refers to web logs and focuses on the expression of thoughts and
feelings, and the purpose of blogs are to seek more understanding
and support.
Wiki is deemed as the distortion generated from
some minor functions of BBS. Traditionally, we post on BBS,
administrative and the author reserving the the right of edition.
Witkeys extends the authority to all the readers, but for its
patterns more complex, for example, historical recovery
system.
Witkeys also rise from BBS as the distorted
functions of interactive questions and answers. It displays the
questions and all the answers before inquirers. To perform more
complex a function, it can utilize the technology of blogs to found
a knowledge base, and use technology of e-business to realize the
exchanging of knowledge and information.
V. The problems of searching
engines.
In 2005, searching engines became extraordinarily
prosperous. Google, Baidu, Yahoo, Zhongsou ,Tianwang and the other
companies rose in China, making the searching engines the dominant
role in internet information. Also rose the problems of searching
engines while assisting people in developing internet and scanning
information.
1. Searching engines take the deposition value of
internet information, including the news posted, the business
information, academic articles and answers to questions and the
other intelligence fruit with the cost of users’ time and
thoughts. The value of these fruits is decided by the structure of
internet, so the users can not manage the information of their own.
So the outstanding success of engines is based on the free charge
of using internet information, their market value should be the sum
of turnovers of all internet users minus the cost of building
engines. Baidu and Zhongsou lost a lawsuit in mp3 intellectual
property case, American Press Association accuse Google of
violating their rights by posting books on internet, and AFP sued
against Google of violating its copyrights, all indicating crisis
of searching engines.
2. Searching engines searches for internet
information under the rules by a few of elites. The importance of
information is decided by computer programs or the price offered by
information suppliers. The quality of result could not be insured.
Page makers try to cheat computer programs and produce quantity of
rubbish pages or repeated information; therefore users have to take
time to find the right information in the result. It’s proved that
rules by a few elites can never fight against the crowded
cribbers.
3. A searching engine cannot get the real purpose
of users. It can only search information with the input key words.
It doesn’t think, nor does it produce logical answers. In the
speech in CAS,Li Kaifu denoted, Google is now engaged in AI, and
hopefully in the next 50 years searching engines can understand
human being. When human vocabulary is renovating and broadening,
tone, expressions and intonation can be combined to give expression
to boundless kinds of meanings. It’s extremely difficult for the
AI to fully understanding human language.
VI. The features of witkey.
1. witkey result in creative answers to
questions. Human brain is powerful than any other super computer
and internet is essentially a network of our brains that can
exponentially magnify the advantage of human brains in solving
problems in a creative way. Before the presence of witkey, internet
only enables users to share knowledge and information, the purpose
of blogs and wikis allowing users to supply intelligent products
voluntarily to get the accumulated value of knowledge, which forms
the core competitiveness of their IPO dream. However, if there is
no effective motivation system, the crisis rises when the users
find this secret. Magically, witkey holds that
the value of knowledge means not only the primarily monetary value,
but pride and achievement, for only money presents the value of
essential knowledge of human beings and dramatically reduces the
meaningless information in
internet.
2. witkey creates flexible jobs and provides
platforms for peoples around the world despite the boundary of
place, time and working conditions. It supports free competition
internet environment, more free time, creative ideas to serve the
business with cost effective knowledge, skills and experience
of millions of witkeys, which can be realized by
awarding Q & A and
witmaps.
3. witkey enriches the styles of internet
service. Interactive Q & A website provides services to
internet users in its specific field, together with e-business
websites and blogs. Witkey has to promote itself through news
websites and found its individual knowledge base through the techno
ledge of blogs. Witey and e-business websites are mutually
complementary, the former conducting on-line trading of intelligent
products by combining internet system and payment system to
transmitting words, pictures and videos, and the latter operating
exchanging of real goods by combining internet payment system and
off-line logistic system. The operation of witkey is far more
cost-effective than that of e-business websites.
4. Witkey motives users in using internet. It
encourage users to provides valuable products by enabling them to
maintain economic interest with their knowledge, skills,
intelligence and wisdom, so they are more likely to put more time
in solving problems. At the same time, individuals would forward
their articles of knowledge and experience in think-tank for
charging others who might read.
6. witkey promote the protection of intellectual
property rights. The problem of intellectual property rights is
essentially caused by the structural defect of internet. The users
of News websites, traditional e-business websites and BBS can not
manage their own information. Once their intelligent products are
posted on internet, they may lose control and spread to the whole
internet by copying, editing or hyper-link. Blogs strengthened the
control of users’ works in some extent for we can find what the
origin of a work is through searching engine, although individual
intelligent products are completely open and free of charge, and
can be used by any other internet users. Accordingly, the author
can not mark a price for his work. A mature witkey is composed of
awarding system, blog, self-help pricing system and trading system.
The author of work marks price for his valuable work, and the other
has to pay to read them. When searching engines and the other
websits hyper-links these works, the author can benefit. The legal
effect will block those who paid for piracy, for it’s legally
theft.
6. witkey promotes the internet real-name system.
As a platform to supply intelligent products, witkey must insure
the quality and credit in trading process, and real-name system
becomes essential to perform its function in the interactive
questions and answers, which is also a direction of development of
internet.
VI. The problems of witkeys.
As an infant field of internet, witkeys have to
face some problems, the solution of which has impact on the
development of witkeys.
1. How to mark price of intelligent
products.
In present times, people are unwilling to pay for
the answers to their questions, few of them would pay more than one
yuan. According to the 2-8 principle, 20% of the inquirers want to
pay more than Yuan to find the right answers, and the rest 80%
would be left for free sharing.
3. The classification of intelligent products.
Knowledge is difficult to be classified as in which
field. Minute classification will cause
inconvenience, and wider one will cause difficulty in
positioning.
3. The demonstration and testing of intelligent
products. Different from real product, intelligent product become
worthless if shown to the customer. But customer will feel worried
about the quality if not seeing in person.
4. The intellectual property. The intellectual
property rights are reserved by the creator before trading, but
intelligent products can be reused. The other customer has to face
the intellectual property rights after the first trading.
5. The fraud in Witkey. As the most serious
problems of witkeys, fraud blocks the witkey websites in real
exchanging knowledge. Mainly the frauds can be committed by the
inquirers by posting a question, getting the right answer, logging
in with other identification and trading with inquirer himself. Or
he may post a good question and make out an unqualified answer,
charging the others who have interest to the answer.
后一篇:寻找威客模式的终极公式