前几天我在一个班上解答精读雅思文章的作业时,一个比较细心认真的同学问了一个一般人容易忽略的问题:“...such weaknesses
are more that
compensated for by cetaceans' well-developed acoustic
sence.”此句中的“more that”的用法是什么?
首先,很欣慰的是,我的学生学会了自己发现问题,按照我平时提倡的那样去精读每句话里面的每个词,每个词组的用法,每个句子的结构和时态,语态,语气。然而,又有点惭愧于当时自己没能把
‘more
that’的所有用法给我的学生总结出来,只是简单地告诉她,这是其多种用法的一种,表示‘十分,非常’的意思。今天我把‘more
than’的所有用法罗列出来,供我的学生们参考,希望你们像这位同学一样认真地精读雅思的文章,同时积极主动地向我提问。
‘more than’ 是英语里比较常见的比较结构的表达方式,但它的用法比较多,我们从‘more than’
连着用和分开用这两种形式来讨论:
一 连着用的情况
(一)‘more than’连用时,后接形容词,分词,动词,是一个副词词组,表示“十分,非常,大大地”。
1
后接形容词
例如:That is more than
enough.
2 后接分词
例如:Ashring is more than
pleased with the result.
3 后接动词
例如:Although the senses of taste and semll appear to have
deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such
weaknesses are more that
compensated for by cetaceans' well-developed acoustic
sence.
此句中的“more
that”是副词,后面接动词,而此句中的谓语动词用了被动语态的一般现在时,表“非常,十分,大大地”修饰动词‘compensated’.
(二)‘more than’连用时,后接名词,情态动词can或could,表一种含蓄的否定。
1
后接名词
例如:He takes more than
articles empty of matter to convince the people.
仅仅考空话连篇的文章是难以让人信服的。
2 后接情态动词can
例如:The student’s rudeness is more than I can stand.
3 后接情态动词could
例如:The beauty of Guilin’s landscape is more than words could
express.
(三)‘more
than’ 前接否定词,后接名词(名词短语)或代词或数词或动词或从句时,以否定的形式表肯定的意义,表‘只不过,仅仅...’其意思等于‘not any
more than’。
1 前接否定词,后接名词
例如:John,who was little more
than a page, is the
executive manager of the
hotel.
2 前接否定词,后接名词短语
例如:She is no more than
thirteen years old.
3 前接否定词,后接数词
例如:He has no more than
five yuan.他只有五元钱。(注意与not more than 的区别)
例如:He has not more than five yuan.他最多有五元钱。
4 前接否定词,后接动词
例如:I no more than note the
signification of the fact.
5 前接否定词,后接从句
no more than = not any more than(因为not any
= no)只不过;一样地
Murdoch:Yours money can't save you any more than it can save
me. ---Titanic
用钱救不了你,也救不了我。此句当中not any
more than
后面接了一个比较状语从句。
(四)‘more than’表‘是...而不是...’之意。
例如:His carelessness is more
than any other reason contributed to the accident.
是他的粗心大意而不是其它的原因引起了这起事故。
二
分开用的情况
(一)more...than...表比较的结构,中间可插入名词,形容词,副词,表‘更多,更,倒不说’
1 The book seemed to be more a dictionary than a
grammer.
这本书与其说是一本语法书倒不如说是一本字典。
2 The child was
more frightend than
hurt.
这个小孩的伤倒没什么,只是受到了惊吓。
3 The work is progressing more rapidly than was
expected.
工作进展比预料的更快。
(二)more...than...
与can\could 连用,即 more...than...
can\could ...其形式为肯定,但表达的意思为否定,故翻译成中文时,要变成否定的形式,可译成“到不了...的地步”“不是...所能的”
1 I have more books than I
can read.
我的书多得读不完。
2 So many mothers
and fathers died that orphans than asylum could take care
of.
这么多的父母死去,孤儿多得孤儿院都无法照顾了。
(三)more...than...
与 no 连用,即 no more ...than...
中间可插入名词,形容词,副词或其它的短语,表示‘两者都不’对双方加以否定。
1
This is no more a physics
book than chemistry book.
这不是一本化学书,也不是一本物理书。
2 I am no more mad
than you are.
你没疯,我也没疯。
3 Her husband could no more
than do without her than she could
without him.
她离不开她丈夫,她丈夫也离不开她。
4 I am no more interested
in it than you are.
我和你一样对它不感兴趣。
(四)more...than... 与 not 连用,即 not more ...than...
中间可插入名词,形容词,副词或其它的短语,表示‘两者都是’对双方加以肯定,但更加侧重于肯定后者,译为“与其说是...倒不说是...”。
1
This is not more a physics
book than chemistry book.
与其说这是一本物理书,倒不如说是一本化学书。
2 I am not more mad
than you are.
我疯了,你比我更加疯。
3
I am not more interested in
it than you are.
我对它感兴趣,你对它更加感兴趣。即我不比你对它感兴趣。
总之,more than
的用法比较多且复杂,我们在阅读雅思的文章是关键是正确理解其在不同的情况下所代表的意义是什么,尤其是掌握好它究竟表肯定还是否定。