1.1.1        An interactionist view of language acquisition互动主义者的语言习得观

Example: wolf child; （鹦鹉学舌）

The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. 互动主义者认为语言的发展是儿童身上人类的特点是与儿童发展所在的环境之间复杂的相互作用的结果。

Caretaker speech:= motherese, mother talk, baby talk保姆式语言：the simple speech used by mothers, fathers, babysitters, etc. when they talk to young children who are learning to talk.父母亲、保姆等对学话幼儿所说的简单话语。

Caretaker speech usually has 保姆式语言通常具有以下特点。

1.      shorter utterances than speech to other adults 语句较成人之间的对话简短。

2.      grammatically simple utterances 语法简单

3.      few abstract or difficult words, with a lot of repetition极少有抽象或艰涩词汇。

4.      clearer pronunciation, sometimes with exaggerated Intonation patterns 发音清晰，有时伴有夸张的语调。

Caretaker speech is easier for children to understand, and many people believe that it helps children to learn language.保姆式语言便于儿童理解，许多人认为这有助于儿童学习语言。

Conclusion: Behaviorists view sounds reasonable in explaining the routine aspects, the innatist accounts most plausible in explaining children’s acquiring complex system, and the interactionist description convincing in understanding how children learn and use the language appropriately from their environment.行为主义者在解释常规方面听起来比较合理，语法天生主义者在解释儿童习得复杂的系统方面最具有说服力，而互动主义者的描写在理解儿童如何从其环境中学习和适当的运用语言方面令人信服。

1.1  Cognitive Factors in Child language Development儿童语言发展中的认知因素

Cognition: 认知： the various mental processes used in thinking, remembering, perceiving, recognizing, classifying, etc.思维、记忆、感知、识别、归类等所运用的各种心理过程。

Cognitive psychology:认知心理学：a branch of psychology which deals with the study of the nature and learning of systems of knowledge, particularly those processes involved in thought, perception, comprehension, memory, and learning. 心理学的一个分支，研究知识体系的本质及学习过程，特别是关于思维、感知、理解、记忆及学习等方面的过程。