周思成 Purple Blood

各位亲们～我们各位勤奋、敬业、高端、有爱的长沙新东方国内考试部名师们又在第一时间为大家奉上最新的四六级解析啦～当然，我认为已经考过了，解析神马的意义并不大，只是，考试不是目的，成长才是关键。我每次考完试，都觉得自己的水平上了一个全新的境界，新境界自然需要新能量的补充，希望大家都可以从这些解析中更加轻松、坦然地吸收自己所需的能量。

 

由于题目尚未完全曝光，上午的四级和下午的六级解析都会持续更新。请大家关注哈～

 

首先是思思大师我带来的四级范文，今年的作文题确实。。。让人想骂人，不过没关系，四六级过不过都是看比例而不是分数，所以对于大家是一样的！因为是范文，我故意写的不那么模板化，也肯定不是四级水平，所以膜拜下就好～

 

                                          Nothing succeeds without a strong will

There is a prevalent joke around young people saying that ‘quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.’ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is oftentimes started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.

 

It is obvious that their failure in ‘quitting smoking’ and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.

 

In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that ‘ where there is a will, there is a way’. Let us bear this motton in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.

 

2011年12月四级考试真题解析（长沙新东方）

 

一、完形部分真题原文《Skills Shortage is Getting Worse, Bosses Warn》

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/may/18/skills-shortage-worsens

 

 

二、快速阅读部分 — By  季云竹

 

原文：

Why Integrity Matters

来源：http://staff.rio.edu/dsmith/Why Integrity Matters.htm

What is Integrity?
      ①.The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
      What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. ②.Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
      Risky Business
      We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.
      Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. ③.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. ④.But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.
      "But Everybody Does It"
      Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.
      ⑤.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
       Evaluating Risks
      To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. ⑥.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
      Getting Away With It--Or Not
      ⑦.Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.
      Cheating Hurts Others, Too
      Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.
      Why Integrity Matters

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.
      In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

 

解析：

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
        A) sticks to them in their daily life
        B) makes them known to others
        C) understands their true values
        D)sees that others also follow them

选择 sticks to them in their daily life

定位在原文第一段，文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency)，不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
        A) It helps to create team spirit
        B) It facilitates communication
        C) It is the basis of mutual trust
        D) It inspires mutual respect

选择 It is the basis of mutual trust.

题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。定位回第二段，文中说“信任(trust)在任何关系中都是最根本的 (essential)，而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
        A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
        B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
        C. so that we don’t break any rules.
        D. so that we don’t run into trouble.

选择 To ensure we make responsible choices.

定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?
        A. it has caused no harm.
        B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
        C. it has gone unnoticed.
        D. it is committed with good intentions

选择 it is claimed to be unintentional.

定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的(unintentional)”并不能为这一违背(violation)道德的行为开脱。

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
        A. Avoid making excuses.
        B. Listen to other people’s advice.
        C. Make his intensions public.
        D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

选择 Avoid making excuses

定位回到第六段段首，watch out for excuses与本答案对应。

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.
        A. will often become more cautious
        B. are usually very aggressive
        C. value immediate benefits most.
        D. may lose everything in the end

选择 value immediate benefits most

定位回到第七段二句，文章说那些人通常专注于当下的利益，与本答案对应。

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
        A) pay more dearly
        B) become more confident
        C) be widely admired
        D) feel somewhat lucky

选择 pay more dearly

定位点在八段首，看到其他三个选项大概都会笑出来。

8、这题不好找，在倒数第三段中间

Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.

本空在原文的成分是表语，故steal是动名词+ing的形式，这里空前的to是动词不定式的标志，因此steal要改为原型，未改写者不得分。

9、倒数二段首句中"rely on"处

Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.

10、倒数第二段中间处

Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate. 

本次快速阅读选择题整体难度偏易，填空题偏难，话题幽默讽刺，意在告诉大家要做一个正直的人，考试不能作弊。（-_-b）

 

三、选词填空部分—By 季云竹

 

 

With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48), sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21^st century. Alternative forms of energy – bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few – are (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that even when ()52, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s needs by 2050.

For example, even with (53) investments, such as $93 million for wind energy development (54) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels (55) only about 1% of the market today.

Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of (56) – both traditional and alternative.

 

首先将15个备选词标上词性：

A. stable (a.)                   I. exactly (ad.)

B. solutions (n.)              J. consist (v.)

C. significant (a.)           K. comprise (v.)

D. role (n.)                     L. competitions (n.)

E. progress (n.)              M. combined (v.)

F. marvelous (a.)           N. challenges (n.)

G. included (v.)             O. certainly (a.)

H. growth (n.)

 

47、根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。

48、本空与后面的sustainable并列，于是需要填一个形容词，与“可持续”的意象相近的选项为A.stable（稳定的）。

49、本空前面为形容词major, 于是这里需要填入名词，之前还有one of，于是填入复数名词，在N与B中选。本句主语是“找寻”某资源，所以这被概括为一种挑战更为恰当，因此选择N.challenges。

50、本空所在句不缺任何成分，并且其还出现在被动语态be动词和实义动词之间，所以必然填入副词，I和O中O.certainly更为符合。

51、空前a growing表明此处填名词，再往前看有个动词play，因此填入D.role构成习语play a role

52、所在半句中除了when只有一个空，所以这空必然是非谓语动词作状语，选择M.combined，表示“即使当所有资源结合被使用时，这些替代资源也只能解决人类在2050年对能源需求的30%。”

53、空后Investments为名词，此处填入形容词，剩下形容词中只有C.significant可表示可观的、大量的，形容投资非常多。F项与其含义接近，根据相似原则，也可以一并划除。

54、本空出现在名词development之后，整句在such as所引导的例子里，本应为一整个名词性结构，而其后又有专有名词ARRA，于是此处应填入非谓语动词作development的后置定语，剩下词中只有G.included这一个。

55、空后有明显语言标志1%，因此这里应该选择表示组成、构成、占有的K.comprise, 根据相似原则，J也可以排除。

56、此处在a lot of之后，因此填入复数名词，整句意为“能源与可持续专家认为，日后能源需求的解决可能将来自于许多传统和替代的_______。”还剩下“解决方式”和“竞争”两个选项；B.solutions更符合语义。

 

 

四、仔细阅读部分—By 季云竹

 

Passage One

 

来自英国卫报（The Guardian）: single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study

http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/jan/20/single-sex-schools-boys-arts

   57.Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.

   Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says.

   57.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

   The report, presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools, goes against 58.received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

   The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because 59.it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls, despite the fact that girls "turn on the waterworks".

   The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading, because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls. They also felt they had to be "cool" rather than studious.

   60.But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, education expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

   Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys' schools "loved" to pen verse because they enjoyed the "inherent structure in poems", James said. Because, the researchers say, boys generally have better spatial skills, more acute vision, learn best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse not seen as disruptive. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

   61.Single sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the report said.

解析：

 

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____.

A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”

B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
题目问男生学校可以怎样，原文前三段基本都在叙述男校对男生艺术情操方面的发展有着更好的促进作用。

 

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____.

A. perform relatively better

B. grow up more healthily

C. behave more responsibly

D. receive a better education

选择 perform relatively better
本题较难，题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。
原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点，于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

选择 it fails to give boys the attention they need
原文红字处说这些体制都更关心女生，取反之后意为这些体制都没那么关心男生，于是与此选项对应。

 

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _____.

A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

选择 teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
原文红字说在男校里，老师可以"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程"

 

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

A. They enjoy being in charge.

B. They conform to stereotypes.

C. They have sharper vision.

D. They are violent and sexist.

选择 they conform to stereotype
文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现，James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展，即本选项的同义改写；其余选项均是例举中的具体内容，包含于此答案。

 

Passage Two

来自英国卫报（The Guradian）: Are money problems driving you apart?

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/nov/14/money-problems-divorce-love

 

It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go.

 　　Since money is reputed to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people in May this year found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent report shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples – even more so to their children. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

 Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

 "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

 

62. What does the author say about vacationing?

A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

B. Few people can afford it without working hard.

C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

D. It is the chief cause of family disputes.

选择 It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
对应原文首段中作者评论句:"I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday."

 

63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known…to bring a relationship to its knees”?

A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

B. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

C. Few people can resist the temptation of money.

D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

选择 Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
对应原文的句子字面意思为"金钱是最有可能让一段关系下跪的东西之一"，全段又在说关于金钱的讨论对两人间关系的影响，可见应该选择此答案。

 

64. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession _____.

A. conflicts between couples tend to rise

B. it is more expensive for couples to split up

C. couples show more concern for each other

D. divorce and separation rates increase

选择 Conflicts between couples tend to rise.
对应原文二段中实验结果:"...found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners..."

 

65. What dose Kim Stephenson believe?

A. Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.

B. Money means a great deal to both men and women.

C. Men and women spend money on different things.

D. Men and women view money in different ways.

选择 Men andwomen view money in different ways.
对应四段首句:'KS, ..., believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which make be different things to men and women."

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _____.

A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately

B. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

选择 discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship
对应原文最后一句:'In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

 

 

五、翻译部分—By 曹林权

  

   87.Charity groups organized various activities to (为地震幸存者筹款)

   答案：raise money for (people who survived the earthquake/ the survivors in the earthquake )

   解析：

   考点一：organize sth / sb  to do sth 这里的to是连接不定式做宾语补足语因此应该注意动词要用原形 很多学生会误以为to 是介词而在此处误用了动名词形式。

   考点二：筹集善款一词此处最好用raise money   ；raise 一词为常考高频词汇除了募捐善款外还曾考过这几个含义：抚养 ； 举起

   考点三：“幸免者”即可用survivors in the earthquake，也可用定语从句people who survived  （from）the earthquake   

           注意：这里的survive 可接from也可以不接  

   88．Linda (不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied.

   答案：couldn’t have received my e-mail     

   解析：

   常考考点：虚拟语气中的一种固定考法：

   对于过去事情作出的推断的表达方式：

   1若是十分肯定的用must have done

   2若是一般肯定的用might have done

   3若是否定的推断用couldn’t have done

   此处是属于第三种  而题干中“不可能收到”是关键解题点

   89.It's my mother (一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies.

   答案：who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay

   解析：

   常见考点一：强调句 it is 。。。。that /who

   检验句子是否正确的方法：将it is 。。。。that /who 去掉后便是原始的陈述句：

   以该句为例

   强调句：It's my mother who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

   原始句：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

   考点二鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb to do sth 否定心态为encourage sb not to do sth  

   考点三 灰心 dismay / give up / lose heart

   90.The publishing house has to (考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).

   答案：take the popularity of the fiction / novel into consideration /account  

   考点：固定搭配 考虑。。 take 。。into consideration / account

   91.It is absolutely wrong to (仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).

   答案：

   1 define one’s happiness only by how much money he has  /money

   2 measure one’s happiness only by money / how much money one has .

   考点：定义。。 define 当然如果根据其句子含义翻译其 “定义”一词也可译成衡量measures 此处显示了翻译的灵活性 ，在考场上若记不起定义 define 一词 最好要灵活的使用熟悉的measure A by B 这个短语来替换 

 

六、听力部分

 

听力音频：http://video.sina.com.cn/p/edu/news/2011-12-17/171961611781.html?opsubject_id=edu-246

听力原文（考试吧）：http://www.exam8.com/english/CET46/ziliao/CET4/tl/201112/2229745.html 

听力短对话答案：

 11.

　　W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

　　M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?

　　Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

　　B) Go and ask the staff.

　　12.

　　W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?

　　W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

　  13.

　　W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.

　　M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.

　　Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

　　B) She is worried about missing her flight.

　　14.

　　W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.

　　M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish. I’m allergic to it.

　　Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

　　A) In a restaurant

　　15.

　　W: Now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

　　M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.

　　Q: What do we learn about the man?

　　A) He is being interviewed for a job.

　　16.

　　M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

　　W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.

　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

　　17.

　　M: You’re on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.

　　W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

　　18.

　　W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

　　M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.

　　Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

　　

    长对话：

    19.  B)He prefershot weather to cold weather。

　　20.  B)The coldhouses。

　　21.  C)Depressing。

　　22.  B)They work hard and play hard。

　　23.  B)French

　　24.  C)Careersguidance。

　　25.  A)Itspleasant environment。

　  　

   Passage 1

　　26.  C) The art of Japanese brush painting

　　27.  B) To enhance concentration。

　　28.  A) How listeners in different cultures showrespect

　 Passage 2

　　29.  B) Buying and maintain equipment。

　　30.  D) Two of his employees committed theft。

　　31.  B) Advancement to a higher position。

　　32.  D) She is competing with Chris for the newjob。

　　Passage 3

　　33.　A)They helpus see the important values of a culture。

　　34 　B) The values they reflect may change。

　    复合式听写部分答案请在听力原文中查看！

 

 

 

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   2011年12月六级考试解析（长沙新东方） 

   一、完形部分

 

   原文来自时报周刊（Times）

   The Truth About Plastic

   原文地址：http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1821664,00.html 

   If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident 62.resolved to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about 63.what the chemicals leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic 64.rubbish was doing to the environment. So she 65.hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't 66.include plastic. "I went in and 67.barely bought anything," Haegele says. She did 68.purchase some canned food and a carton of milk—69.only to discover later that both containers were 70.lined with plastic resin. "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."

   She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well 71.on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005--27 million tons of which 72.ended up in landfills. Our food and water come 73.wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the 74.infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of 75.toxic chemicals making their way from 76.household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't 77.even the only one blogging about this kind of 78.endeavor. But those who've tried know it's 79.far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things seems to be so common 80.that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into 81.contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.

 

二、作文范文 

The Way to Success（By 季云竹）

 

   Abraham Lincoln, a successful leader sparkling in American history, once put, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” Simple as his remark is, it subtly encapsulates a profound and enlightening notion that the path to success only lies under the feet of people who are well-prepared.

   Currently in this progressively competitive society, it is anything but uncommon for us to see people desperately in want of success. Taking a look around, not only can we easily find students staying up late with their homework, we can also notice that a multitude of clerks step into the mansion in the early morning, then go back home after overtime. However, success, as a matter of fact, only belongs to a few of them. For instance, there is no shortage of this kind of people—who participate in numerous interviews and get nothing but a rejection slip, then they start whining time after time, “why isn’t that me?”

   Just as an ancient Chinese proverb goes, “Sharp tools make good work.” Accumulation of ability and knowledge is the prerequisite of success, and once we are strong and powerful enough, the whole universe will come to assist us in chasing our dreams.

 

The way to success（By 胡平）

 

   Success, the one everyone desires, plays an essential role in our daily life, because it directly determines our daily behaviors. In other words, if there is no desire for success, there will be no individuals’ development and even no advance of our society. It is the aspiration of success that promotes our growth of our individuals and society. But throughout the whole human history, how to succeed is always the most concerned topic.

   Among all the factors of success, well preparation of knowledge, the basic requisition of success, should be placed on the first one. Without extensive and intensive knowledge, even if there are exterior opportunities to success, such as the parents’ assistance or friends’ recommendation, you will still never succeed, because you cannot qualify the job you have already had. The more preparation you do in advance, the more likely you will get success. As Lincoln has said, if I had six hours to chop down a tree, I would spend the first four hours sharpening the axe.

   Besides the well preparation of knowledge, the preparation of confidence and interpersonal skills is also indispensable on the way to success.

 

 

三、快速阅读—By 唐思宇

 

      来自英国卫报 The Guardian

      http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/aug/30/google-library-project-books-settlement

Google's plan for world's biggest online library: philanthropy or act of piracy?

[1]      Google has already scanned 10 million books in its bid to digitise the contents of the world's major libraries, but a copyright battle now threatens the project, with Amazon and Microsoft joining authors and publishers opposed to the scheme.

[2]      In recent years the world's most venerable libraries have played host to some incongruous visitors. In dusty nooks and far-flung stacks, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been beavering away to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe – including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. 

[3]      Why is Google undertaking such a venture, so seemingly out-of-kilter with its snazzy, hi-tech image? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? 1.The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. Like the Ancient Egyptians who attempted to build a library at Alexandria containing all the known world's scrolls, Google executives talk of constructing a universal online archive, a treasure trove of knowledge that will be freely available – or at least freely searchable – for all.

[4]      The company likes to present itself as having lofty, utopian aspirations. "This really isn't about making money" is a mantra. "We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "2.By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge." 

[5]      Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, offers an analogy with the invention of the Gutenberg press – Google's book project, he says, will have a similar democratising effect. He talks of people in far-flung parts being able to access knowledge as never before, of search queries leading them to the one, long out-of-print book they need.

[6]      And he does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders." 

[7]      It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary zeal. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.

[8]      First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. 3.In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. 

[9]      The second, related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Bleak House look straightforward.

[10]  4.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print. 

[11]  Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).

[12]  But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. 5.In its defence, Google points out that it displays only snippets of books that are in copyright – arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy. 

[13]  "The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask."

[14]  6.In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers and publishers, launched a class action suit against Google that, after more than two years of wrangling, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are staggeringly complicated – the text alone runs to 385 pages – and trying to summarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics. 

[15]  Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to reimburse authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.

[16]  The settlement stipulates that a body known as the Books Rights Registry will represent the interests of US copyright holders. Authors and publishers with a copyright interest in a book scanned by Google who make themselves known to the registry will be entitled to receive a payment – in the region of $60 per book – as compensation. 

[17]  Additionally, the settlement hands Google the power – but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. 7.It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.

[18]  Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "8.Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling. 

[19]  9.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5% to 10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.

[20]  "The deal has in effect handed Google a swath of intellectual copyright. It is a mammoth potential bookselling market," says Blofeld. He adds it is no surprise that Amazon, which currently controls 90% of the digital books market, is becoming worried. 

[21]  But Dan Clancy of Google dismisses the idea that, by gaining control over out-of-print and orphan works, Google is securing for itself a significant future revenue stream. He points out that out-of-print books represent only a tiny fraction of the books market – between 1% and 2%. "This idea that we are gaining access to a vast market here – I really don't think that is true.

[22]  James Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, broadly agrees. He says that, although Google's initial scanning of in-copyright books made him uncomfortable, the settlement itself is a fair deal for authors. 

[23]  "The thing that needs to be emphasised is that this so-called market over which Google is being given dominance – the market in out-of-print books – doesn't currently exist. That's why they're out of print. In real life, I can't see what the damage is – it's only good."

[24]  It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted – it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this – and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world. 

[25]  Over the coming months, we will hear a lot more about the Google settlement and its ramifications. Although it's a subject that may seem obscure and specialised, it concerns one of the biggest issues affecting publishing and, indeed, other creative industries – the control of digital rights.

[26]  No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. 10.But what is certain is that, in some way or another, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come. 

     题目：

     1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____

     A. to save out-of-print books in libraries.

    B. to serve the interest of the general public

     C. to encourage reading around the world

     D. to promote its core business of searching

    【解析】该题问的是Google所声称的自己图书馆计划的目的。根据顺序原则该题靠前，同时注意到第三段开头连续并列why，提示第三段很有可能提到原因或目的。用claim定位至第三段第三句，该句motive引出后面Google声称的原因是“本质上被公众精神驱动”，三段末更提到是为了所有人的知识需求。核心名词public及句意都对应B选项。

     2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will

     A. help the broad masses of readers

    B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons

     C. make full use of the power of its search engine

     D. revolutionise the entire book industry

    【解析】该题问的是Santiago de la Mora对Google图书扫面项目的看法。用人名可定位至四段中，之后该人提到Google该项目能expand the frontiers of human knowledge，即拓广人类知识的范围。对应B选项。核心名词knowledge被改为同义词intellectual，frontier被同义替换为horizon，动词expand被同义替换为broaden。

     3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by_______.

     A. the world’s tech giants

     B. the world’s leading libraries

    C. non-profit organizations

     D. multinational companies

    【解析】该题问的是反对Google的人对数字知识控制者的看法。用opponents可定位至第7段前后，control可进一步定位至第八段最后Robert Darnton的观点。该人认为只有public, not-for-profit bodies 可以有控制数字知识的权利，对应C选项。Bodies被同义替换为organization。 

     4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored______.

     A. the copyright of authors of out-of -print books

     B. the interest of traditional sellers

    C. the copyright of the books it scanned

     D. the differences of in-print and out-of-print books.

    【解析】该题问的是Google卷入官司的原因。由legal battle可定位至第9段前后，用之后第10段短首出现的however可进一步将重点信息圈定到第10首。该段首句即提到问题的中心是copyright，对应C选项。

     5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that __________.

     A. making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright

     B. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use

     C. it is willing to compensate the copyright holders

    D. it displays only a small part of their content

    【解析】该题问的是Google自己对自己涉及侵权行为的辩护。用defend可定位至第12段第二句的defence。该句中Google指出自己仅显示了受版权保护图书的小片段(snippets)。该词若不认识，也可结合前面的only猜出其否定名词的性质。对应D选项。Snippets被同义改写为a small part。

     6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?

     A. It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.

    B . It was settled after more than two years of negotiations.

     C . It failed to protect the interest of American publishers.

     D. It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.

    【解析】该题问的是关于针对Google的class action的相关信息。用class action可定位至第14段首句。该句提到这个事件经过两年多的争论（wrangling），最终以一个宣言（announcement）实现庭外和解（out-of-court settlement）。对应B选项，wrangling被同义替换为negotiation。若不认识wrangling，一方面可由该句退出其大致表示“纠结”的意思，另一方面可由settle, more than two years等关键表达确定B选项与原文信息的对应关系。

     7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?

     A. The compensation for copyright holders.

     B. The change in Google's business model.

     C. Google's further exploitation of its database.

    D. The commercial provisions of the settlement.

    【解析】该题问的是class action之后的争议点。用controversial可定位至第17段末句的，该句用强调句形式强调是该事件的商业规定（commercial provisions）成为最为争议的一个方面，原文信息完整原样对应D选项。

     8. While_______, Google makes money by selling advertising.

     【解析】该题问的是Google在卖广告挣钱同时做的另一件事。用sell advertising可定位至18段中部，该句提到Google的商业模式一直是免费提供信息（provide information for free）, 同时在这产生的访问流量（traffic）的基础之上卖广告挣钱。可知除了卖广告之外，Google更基本的服务时免费提供信息。由于空前是while，空中应填充动名词形式providing information for free。

     9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called_______.

    【解析】该题问的是版权拥有者不明的书籍的别称。由copyright holder not known可定位至第19段首句，该句用破折号将"orphan" works解释为没有已知版权拥有者的书籍作品（there is no known copyright holder）。可知答案即填入orphan works。

     10. Google’s entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _______ in the future.

    【解析】该句问到的是Google进入数字图书界后未来的相关情况。由该句说法以及digital bookselling可定位至全文末句。该句用转折强Google进入数字图书界会对未来的图书世界有很大影响（will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come）。由于题干缺少动词成分，因此要由原文同义改写为动词表达，填入influence the book world。只需将名词impact改为同义动词influence，名词表达book world原样保留。原文中significant等于题干中的tremendous，in years to come等于题干中的in the future，都不用再抄入。

 

   四、听力部分

 

   听力音频：http://video.sina.com.cn/p/edu/news/2011-12-17/205461612101.html?opsubject_id=edu-246

   听力原文（考试吧）：http://www.exam8.com/english/CET46/ziliao/CET6/tl/201112/2229890.html

   听力部分参考答案：

　　11. D) Listen to the recorded notes while driving。

　　12. C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part。

　　13. A) Arranging a bed for a patient。

　　14. B) H is too busy to accept more responsibility。

　　15. C) He has left his position in the government。

　　16. D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions。

　　17. A) At a car renting company。

　　29. A) While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice。

　　30. D) They take it for granted。

　　31. A) Tidal restlessness。

　　32. B) They are adventurers from all over the world。

　　33. D) A murder mystery。

　　34. C) It is unhealthy for the viewers。

　　35. B) He can’t resist the temptation of T.V. either

   复合式听写答案请对照听力原文！

 

   五、仔细阅读—By 唐思宇

 

阅读简答题

 

节选自Robert Pfister与Patrick Tierney所著Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations一书中Leadership in Business一章

Leadership is the second most significant word in today’s competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that “how things get done” influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things,” he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.

 

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm, which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one’s attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to “put first things first,” which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

 

47. To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own _____.

【解析】该题问的是为了成为好的领导，管理者们必须特别关注他们自己的什么方面。由顺序原则该题应位于首段，注意到题干中pay close attention to同义改写成了首段首句的focus inward on，因此该句该表达后的名词成分capabilities and style即为答案。其前面的personal与题干own重合，不用填入。

 

48. According to Peter Drucker, leaders should be good at _____.

【解析】该题问的是Peter Drucker认为领导应擅长什么。用人名课定位至首段末句，该人强调领导应该“做正确的事”，将这个动词表达doing the right thing填入即可。

 

49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likely to succeed if they have _____.

【解析】该题的是人格魅力（personality ethic）提出人更容易成功的条件是什么。用personality ethic可定位至第二段第三句前后，其后的该段第五句详细阐述到personality ethic认为是一个人的态度在激发其成功，并指出这种魅力是基于积极精神态度的信仰。可知成功的重点是态度，并且是积极的态度。答案填入a positive mental attitude。注意a不能省略，这里表示“一种积极的精神态度”，也最好不要去掉a而在attitude后加s。

 

50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all _____.

【解析】该题问的是Stephen Covey认为那些想获得杰出成功的领导需要先做的事。用Covey及outstanding success可以定位到第二段第六句，Covey认为想享受杰出成功的领导最重要（vital）的是要先（first）自己管理好自己，因此把这个最重要的先决条件to personally manage themselves填入即可。注意need后面要接不定式，to不可少。另外themselves可以指代该题题干中的leaders，因此可不还原。

 

51. Good leadership requires one to know one’s own strengths and be able to win people’s _____.

【解析】该题问的是好的领导能力要求一个人除了了解自身长处，还要能够赢得别人的什么方面。由strength可定位到全文末句，提到在领导他人前一个人要先清除自己的价值、能力和长处，同时还要被别人视为可信的，即是说要赢得他人信任。将原文形容词trustworthy改为名词trust填入即可。

 

仔细阅读1

 

来自Slate: Trade is the New Plastics

http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2010/08/trade_is_the_new_plastics.html

 

What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate today? China? India? How about trade?

 

When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.

 

But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.

 

The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.

 

And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.

 

One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.

 

Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.

 

52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?

A. It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.

B. It reflects Americans’ preference for imported goods.

C. It signifies a change in American economic structure.

D. It is the result of America’s growing focus on domestic market.

【解析】该题问的是悲观主义者对六月美国贸易赤字的解读。用deficit和June可定位至文章第二段，用pessimists可进一步定至第二段末句，该句中悲观主义者提到如果这种贸易不平衡继续，很可能会导致发展变慢，这直接对应A选项。

 

53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

A. It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

B. It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.

C. It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.

D. It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.

【解析】该题问的是作者对过去两年贸易数据的说法。用trade data和past two years可定位至第三段第二句，作者提到近两年的数据并没有指示出经济衰退，插入语后用转折引出数据指示的其实是一种经济扩张（economic expansion）。由此可知作者对数据的解读是偏正向、乐观的。四个答案中唯一正向的是A，原文的expansion被同义改写为activities increased。

 

54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?

A. People who have expertise in international trade.

B. Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.

C. Consumers who favor imported goods and services.

D. Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.

【解析】该题问的是谁从上升的贸易容量中特别受益。用rising volume of trade可定位至第四段段首，不难推知该段整体都在谈受益对象。从第二句起分别提到各运输业获益大，一直到末句提到贸易敏感行业人也获益良多，末句最后用especially递进引出受益最多的行业，这对应题干的particularly，因而原文这之后提到的价格受全球需求影响的行业的制造商，特别是农业、矿产、金属行业和石油，即为受益最明显的行业。这对应B选项。agricultural没有替换，raw materials（工业原材料）同义替换了原文的矿产、石油和金属行业。

 

55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?

A. Decreasing productivity.

B. People’s reluctance to spend.

C. Competition from overseas.

D. Slack trade activities.

【解析】该题问的是美国经济面临的一个挑战是什么。用challenges可定位至第六段首句。该段首句提到第一个挑战是国内需求不足，该段中用but引出第二个更大的挑战则是美国产业如何参与获取及利用的全球市场需求。B选项“人们不愿意消费”是对第一个挑战的同义改写。

 

56. What is the author’s advice to U.S. companies and individuals?

A. To import more cheap good from developing countries.

B. To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.

C. To increase their market share overseas.

D. To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.

【解析】该题问的是作者对美国公司及个人的建议。根据顺序原则定位至末段。末段作者提到任何不增加出口、不参与国际市场、不在国际贸易中发挥作用的美国公司和个人都会将自己隔绝在巨大的全球经济机会份额之外。不难看出作者建议美国公司和个人更多参与国际贸易，增大其在全球经济中所占份额，这对应C选项。

仔细阅读2

  选自英国卫报（The Guardian）：More UK universities should be profiting from ideas

   http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/dec/01/research-business-university

 

   A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.

   Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.

   However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.

   When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.

   This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receive of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.

   The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.

   Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.

   If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. 

 

57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?

A. They still have a place among the world leaders.

B. They have lost their leading position in many ways.

C. They do not regard it as their responsibility.

D. They fail to convert knowledge into money.

【解析】该题问的是作者对英国大学在商业化方面的看法。由顺序原则可定位至文首。首段提出人们对英国大学在知识到产品服务转化过程方面的批评，二段整体用调查数据证明首段对英国的大学的负面观点，提出英国大学在干细胞研究领域将会失去世界领先地位。但这些都并非作者观点，同时在第三段短首出现转折，然后引入作者方面的观点。可知作者观点与首二段相反，他并不认为英国失去世界领先地位，三段末句更提出英国大学在许多商业活动方面仍领先全球。可知作者认为英国大学仍大体领先世界，总体持正面肯定态度。四个选项中唯一持正面态度的为A。

 

58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?

A. It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.

B. It does not reflect the differences among universities.

C. It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

D. It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.

【解析】该题问的是作者对英国大学商业化表现的国家统计数据的看法。由national data可定位至第四段转折后，提到数据掩盖了单个大学之间表现的差距。对应B选项。Mask同义改写为does not reflect，variation同义改写为differences。

 

59.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to ___.

A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities

B. compulsory cooperation between universities and industries

C. government aid to non-research-oriented universities

D. fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions

【解析】该题考察“policy interventions”的意思。仅从字面意思“政府干预”还不足以选出答案，需要结合上下文。该短语所在的第四段提到这种“政府干预”促进了英国大学整体表现的提高，但之后转折指出，英国大学个体之间存在较大差异。第五段首更是将第四段强调的现象总结为“分配不平均”（uneven distribution）。由此可知这种“政府干预”指的应是政府对一部分大学的偏向性支持，而对更多的大学则支持不够，造成资源分配不均。对应A选项“资源集中在少数大学中”。

 

60. What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?

A. Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.

B. Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.

C. Publicise their research to win international recognition.

D. Spread their influence among top research institutions.

【解析】该题问的是作者对研究导向型大学的建议。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。该段中部用rather转折引出作者觉得这些大学应该（should）产生最广的社会、经济与环境等各方面效益（widest range），应该分享他们的专业技术资源，让整个领域（build greater confidence in the sector）都构筑起信心，此即为建议。对应A选项，仅有A强调了范围是all sectors of society。B提到的与缺乏资金的学校分享设施、C提到的扩大国际影响与D提到的扩大在顶级研究机构中的影响范围均太窄。 

 

61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK’s economic growth?

A. By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.

B. By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.

C. By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.

D. By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.

【解析】该题问的是大学如何在英国经济发展中扮演关键角色。由play a key role定位至全文末句。末句提到两个要素，一是区域间技术转移的更好协调，二是对研究院所规模及功能上同步进行投资。仅有C选项结合了这两个要点。A提到的技术转移办公室数量的增加、D提到的提升技术转移机构的效率，均是原文没有的信息。B选项将技术转移和投资这两个不想关的信息混到了一起。

【总结】本次六级考试阅读部分出题角度仍保留了六级的一贯特征，难度并不太大。快速阅读答案多能通过定位迅速查找到。简答题部分也比较方便查找，需要考生做变化的点不多。仔细阅读方面，正确选项依然以题干定位处就近信息的同义改写和替换为主，错误选项的迷惑性也不强，多可通过核心词、态度倾向等较快排除。文中转折、递进等依旧是考察重点。文章内容方面，依旧是大家较为熟悉的经济、教育等热点话题，语言难度也不大。值得注意的是这次四六级考试都选择了多篇来自英国卫报的文章，之前卫报文章页选择过，可见六级对这类英美主流报刊的喜爱。这种与欧美主流生活较为接近的话题以及特色性报刊可以成为大家平常泛读的一个选择。

 

   六、翻译部分—By 曹林权

 

   82.You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You (也许会被车撞倒的).
  答案 might have been knocked down by the car
  考点解析：
  考点一：虚拟语气之对于过去发生事情的推测，具体情况有三种
  1 对于过去事情的十分确定的推测 ：must have done
  2对于过去发生事情的可能性推测： might have done
  3 对于过去发生事情的不可能性推测：couldn’t have done
而这句话是讲“你本不该在没有没看周围的情况下横穿马路的，这样你也许会被车撞的。”这里 “也许会被车撞”是对 “你横穿马路”这一过去的行为做出的可能性的后果推测，满足情况3 故选用might have done
  考点二：固定搭配 撞到 ：knock down

   83.By no means (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field.
  答案 should he regard himself as an expert 
  考点解析 ：否定词或短语前置于句首时需要部分倒装
  By no means 否定短语前置
  He should regard himself as an expert 部分倒装
  提前情态动词should
  should he regard himself as an expert

  84.He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, (把他们所做的视作理所当然).
  答案;and takes what they have done/ it for granted 
  考点解析:固定搭配视。。为理所当然 take sth for granted

  85.Janet told me that she would rather her mother (不干涉她的婚姻).
  答案  hadn’t interfered with her marriage 
  考点解析：此处是虚拟语气考点
  1would rather do sth 表示真实语气
  2would rather也可以接从句表虚拟语气且从句的连接词that可以省略掉 。
  而这里初步判断是she would rather （that）her mother 这种形式，属于2是虚拟语气。因为would rather do sth 时候是没有用would rather sb do sth 这种表达的。而would rather 后接虚拟语气若使现在的用 did ，若是过去的用had done。 故此处用 hadn’t interfered with her marriage 。

  86.To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson  

答案：often searching for information on the Internet