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8AUnit 1

一、             重要的短语和句型：
1.       something to eat/drink 吃的/喝的东西
2.       have some more food 再吃一点食物（注意more与another之间的转换）
3. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物    4. nothing else 没有别的东西
5. know sb. well 对某人很了解  
6. keep a secret/secrets forsb. 为某人保守秘密
7. make sb. do sth.使某人做某事        make me laugh 使我笑
8. make sb./sth.+形容词  使某人/某物处于……状态
  make me happy/sad/angry 使我高兴/悲伤/生气
9. have some problems with sth./doing sth. 在某方面有问题/做某事问题
10.share one’s joy 分享某人的快乐
11. believe what he says=believe his words 相信他的话
12. as slim as…与……一样苗条  13.one of my best friends 我的好朋友之一
14. be willing to do sth. 乐意某事 15. be ready to do sth.乐意/准备好做某事  
16. help me with my homework=help me do/to do homework
帮助我做家庭作业
17. give seats to someone in need 给需要的人让座
18. travel around the world 周游世界  19.have poor eyesight 视力差
20. because of working on the computer too much 因为电脑用的太多
21. wear glasses戴眼镜
the boy with glasses/wearing glasses 那个戴眼睛的男孩
22. have a good sense of humour很有幽默感  （humorous 幽默的）
   have no sense of humour 没有幽默感
23. feel bored 感到厌倦   a boring film 一部无聊的电影
24. walk past走路经过    25. knock …off 把……碰掉/撞倒
26. say a bad word about sb.说某人坏话.  27. be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
28. be good at telling jokes 擅长于讲笑话 29. an honest person 一位诚实的人
30. vote for sb. 投票选某人，投某人的票  
31. as +形/副的原级+as  与……一样   as young/old as 与……一样小/大
32. not as/so +形/副的原级+as  = less …than… 不及/不如
   not as interesting as = less interesting than  不及/不如……有趣
33. sing for people 为人们唱歌  34. listen to people’s problem 听人们的问题
35. solve/work out problems 解决问题
36. try to be kind to people 尽力对人们友好
37. a social worker 一位社会工人 38. will be happy 将高兴
39.my future plan我的未来打算/计划     in the future 在将来
40. hope to become a famous singer 希望成为著名的歌星
   be famous for…因……而著名  be famous as …作为……而出名
41. It’s great to sing for people. 为人们唱歌很好。
42. What is he like? 他为人怎样？/ 他长得什么样子？
43. these days  这些日子，最近  44. move to spl. 搬到某地
45. feel really uncomfortable 感到真不舒服
46. during/at lunchtime 在午饭时间  
47. sit alone in/on the playground 独自坐在操场上
48. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
49. give me some advice 给我一些忠告   a piece of advice 一条建议
ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议
50. both…and … 既……又……，两者都
51. live next door 住在隔壁  52. get to know 开始认识
53. smiling eyes  会笑的眼睛  54. wear a smile on one’s face 面带笑容
55. answer questions correctly 正确地回答问题
56. hold a writing competition 举行作文比赛
57. outdoor/indoor activities 户外/室内运动
58. What makes your friend so special? 什么使你的朋友这么特别？
59. Climbing is as exciting as diving. 爬山和潜水一样令人兴奋。
60. a reader of …  ……的一位读者  61. feel nervous 感到紧张
二、           语法：形容词和副词的用法
一．  形容词和副词的区别：
形容词的用法：
1）  与连系动词（be/look/feel/sound/taste/smell/get/turn/become/keep/…）连用
be happy/tired    look young/old/tired   feel tired/better
2）  修饰名词
a busy day   a beautiful girl  
副词的用法：修饰行为动词，形容词和副词
    dance beautifully  do well  listen carefully  really busy  
二．  形容词和副词的比较等级：
1. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成：
1) 一般情况下，在形容词和副词后加er/est:
   small---smaller---smallest    short---shorter---shortest
2)      以e结尾的形容词和副词, 只须加r/st:
late---later---latest     large---larger---largest   
free---freer---freest     fine---finer---finest
3)      以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y改为i再加ed.
pretty---prettier---prettiest  funny---funnier---funniest
hungry---hungrier---hungriest  busy---busier---busier
early---earlier---earliest  healthy---healthier---healthiest
4)      以一个元音+一个辅音结尾的词而且重读，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/est:
big---bigger---biggest    hot---hotter---hottest    (slim/red/sad)
fat---fatter---fattest      thin---thinner---thinnest
5)      部分双音节和多音节的形容词和副词，在前面加more/most
tired---more tired---most tired   (bored/often/polite)
interesting---more interesting---most interesting
beautiful(ly) ---more beautiful(ly)---most beautiful(ly)
careful(ly) ---more careful(ly)---most careful(ly)
quickly---more quickly ---most quickly
quietly---more quietly ---most quietly
loudly---more loudly ---most loudly
不规则的形容词和副词比较级和最高级：
good/well---better---best
bad/badly/ill---worse---worst
many/much---more---most
far---farther/further---farthest/furthest
little---less---least
old--- older/elder---older/elder
2. 形容词和副词比较级的常用句型：
用于两者之间的比较:
1）A +动词+比较级 than+B.  “比…更”
My bag is bigger than yours.
2）Which … 比较级，A or B?
Which is more interesting, English or Chinese?
3) the +比较级 of the two   “两者较……的一个”
He is the taller of the two.
4) 比较级+and +比较级 “越来越……”
   He is getting taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了。
5) The +比较级(+……), the +比较级(+……).  “越……，越……。”
The more, the better. 越多越好。
  The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你吃得越多，你就会变得越胖。
6) 修饰比较级的词有：much /a lot / a little/even/far
  much better 好得多   a little more interesting 有点儿有趣
3. 形容词和副词最高级的常用句型：
用于三者或三者以上的比较：

                     
1)   the 最高级of /in…
Of all the students, he is the cleverest.
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
2) one of the最高级 名复
Edison was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
4. 比较级和最高级之间的转换：
He is the tallest student in our class.
= He is taller than any other student/the other students/anybody else in our class.
区别：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中国的任何城市大。(在同一范围里比较)
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任何城市大。
（在不同范围里比较）
      Tom is taller than any girl in his class. 汤姆比他班上任何女生高。
4. 形容词和副词原级的常用句型：
1)      表示A在某方面与B一样，用 ‘as 形容/副词的原级as’
He is as old as I. 他和我一样大。
2)      表示A在某方面不如/不及B，用 ‘not as/so 形容/副词的原级as’
This book is not as interesting as that one.
= This book is less interesting than that one.
=That book is more interesting than this one.
三、           本单元的中心任务：My best friend

8AUnit 2

一、           重要的短语和句型：
1.       What’s school like? It’s like watching TV.
学校是个什么样子？就像看电影
2.       be like doing sth. 像做某事      3. (be) smarter than 比……聪明
4. in Year 8=in Grade 8 在八年级   5. a mixed school 一所男女混合学校
6.  Home Economics 家政课        
7. learn how to cook and sew 学习怎样做饭和缝纫
8.  do things for myself  为我自己做事   
9. cook healthy and tasty meals 做健康可口的饭菜
10. bring in 带来，引入        11. a Reading Week 阅读周
12. near the end of each class 临近每节课结束时
13. as well, also, too, either, as well as
a.       as well =too常放在句末. He is a teacher and a writer as well.
b.       also 较正式,放在句中. He also plays football.
c.       too  通常在句末,也可在句中. He is a worker, too.
d.       either  用于否定句中,通常在句末.
Yesterday I didn’t watch TV and I didn’t see the film, either.
e.       as well as  用于肯定句中,意为 “既……又……; 不仅……而且……；除……之外” 起连接作用.
He gave me clothes as well as food. 他不但给我食物，还给我衣服。
14. have driving lessons 上驾驶课   
15. drive me to school 开车送我上学   drive me home 开车送我回家
16. It takes less time than taking the bus 这比乘公共汽车花的时间少。         
17. twice a week 一周两次 （提问用“how often”）
18. spend a lot of time practising 花大量的时间练习
19. learn all about… 了解……一切 /全面了解 ……
20.have a great time doing sth.
= have fun/enjoy oneself doing sth. 做某事很高兴
have a great time talking to each other 很高兴彼此聊天
21. a close friend 一个亲密的朋友
22. What does the word ‘hero’ mean?     偶像这个单词是什么意思？
   =What is the meaning of the word “hero”?
23. at the age of 16= at 16 在十六岁时
24.send an e-mail to sb. 给某人发电子邮件
25. more…than 比……多        
26. fewer+可名复/less+不可数名词than  比……少
27. the most…of all 所有当中最多   
28. the fewest/least…of the three三个当中最少
29. be different from =be not the same as与……不同  
30. be the same as 与……一样
   be the same size/colour as 和……大小/颜色一样
31. the number of ……的数量, 作主语时, 谓语用单数
  The number of the students is about forty.
32. a number of  许多, 作主语时, 谓语用复数
   A number of students are playing football in the playground.
33. the length of the summer holiday 暑假的长度
34. wear school uniforms 穿校服   35. have/take a few week off 休息几周
36. cooking lessons 烹饪课        
37. go on school trips to a museum 到博物馆进行学校旅行
38. get up late/early 起得迟/早     
38. have lots of time for sth./doing sth. 有许多时间做某事
39. have an hour for lunch 有一小时吃午饭
40. listen to pop music 听流行音乐  41. wear ties 打领带
42. half an hour of homework 半小时的作业
43. on one side 在一边   on the other side 在另一边
44. can=be able to 能，会  will be able to 将能
45. stay in hospital 呆在医院里   be in hospital 住院
46. Driving to school takes less time than taking the bus.
   开车上学比乘公共汽车花费时间少
47. I spend less time doing homework than John does.
   我比约翰花在作业上的时间少.
48. How many Grade 8 classes are there at your school?
你们学校有多少八年级班级?
48. We have a big library with a lot of useful books.
   我们有一个大图书馆,里面有许多游泳的书.
49. Millie’s pencil box is the same size as Amy’s pencil box.
   米莉的文具盒和艾米的文具盒一样大.
50. fewer advertisement 较少的广告
二、           语法：
1. 用 “more …than; fewer/less…than; the most/fewest/least…” 比较数量的多少:
2. 用 “ the same as ; the same …as; be different from” 来表示事物的相同性和不同性：
三、           本单元的中心任务：My ideal school life

8A Unit 3

一、           重要的短语和句型:
1. go to exercise 去锻炼   
take/do more exercise=exercise more 多运动  
do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操
2. climb the hill 爬山      go climbing 去爬山
3. keep fit/healthy 保持健康   fit sb. well 合某人的身
4. take a boat trip 坐船旅行   take a bus/train trip 坐汽车/火车旅行
5. go past the Opera House 经过悉尼歌剧院
6. have a great/good/wonderful time=have lots of fun=enjoy oneself  
玩得很高兴
7. by the River Seine 在塞纳河边
8. the top of the Eiffel Tower 埃非尔铁塔的顶部
9. the White House 白宫        10. the president of the USA美国的总统
11. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
   invite me to join their school trip to the World Park
邀请我参加他们到世界公园的学校旅行
12. at the beginning/start=at first 开始时，起初
at the beginning of the trip 在旅程开始的时候
at the end of …在……结束时，在……的尽头
at last= in the end=finally 最后，终于
13. get on/off 上/下（车）    get into/out of ( a car/a taxi) 进入/从……出来
14. by coach 乘长途汽车
15. a lot of traffic 来往的车辆多 16. feel sick/ill 感到恶心/不舒服
17. be sick/ill 病了   a sick boy 一个生病的男孩
18. most of the trip 大部分旅程   
19. on the city roads 在城市道路上   on the highway 在高速公路上
20. arrive in/at =get to = reach 到达
   arrive/get/reach home/here/there 到家/这儿/那儿
21. become excited 变兴奋   
an exciting football match 一个令人激动的足球比赛
22. be made of metal 由金属构成的
   be made from 由……制成(原材料看不出)
   be made in 由……某地制造
23. places of interest 名胜
24. the song and dance parade 巡回的歌舞/歌舞游行
25. teach oneself sth. =learn sth. by oneself 自学某事
26. teach oneself how to make a home page 自学如何制作主页
27. chat online 在网上聊天    28. so many/much/few/little 这么多/少
29. feel better 感到好一些     30. the Great Wall 长城
31. the Palace Museum 故宫   32. the Summer Palace 颐和园
33. Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场
34. walk to spl. = go to spl. on foot 步行到某地
35. ride (a bike) to spl. = go to spl. by bike /on one’s bike 骑自行车去某地
36. take a bus /an underground/ a train/ a taxi to spl.
乘公共汽车/地铁/火车/出租车去某地
   = go to spl. by bus/underground/train/taxi
37. fly to spl. =go to spl. by plane/air 乘飞机去某地
38. travel by underground 乘地铁旅行39. take a bus there 乘公共汽车去那儿
40. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
41. agree to do sth. 同意做某事    agree with sb. 同意某人（的观点）
agree to one’s plan 同意某人的计划
42. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 （plan—planning   plan— planned ）
43. choose to do sth. 选择做某事  44. play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏
45. wonder =want to know 想知道     46. hurt oneself 伤了某人自己
47. Luckily, the climbers helped Simon. 幸运的是，登山运动员帮助了他。
48. take place = happen 发生，举行    49. cheer for 为……加油
51. pull up拔起来，费力地向高处攀登，吃力地站起
52. in the past 在过去     
53. take the underground to the centre of Beijing 乘地铁到北京的市中心
54. make a list of …列出……的清单     55. write it down 把它写下  
56. find out 弄清楚，查明白   57. make/work out a plan 制定一个计划
58. return to spl.  回到某地   return home 回家
59. work out the cost of … 算出……的费用
60. plan a day out for her 为她安排一天的外出旅行
61. all the way 一路上     
62. as soon as possible = as soon as sb. can 尽快
63. as…as possible/sb. = as…as sb. can/could 尽可能……
64. feel the beauty of … 感受……的美
65. with one’s support 在某人的支持下
66. in the first/second half 在上/下半场   67. play badly 打得很糟糕   
68. decide/ make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事
69. take some photos of … 拍一些……的照片
70 an invitation letter 一封邀请涵
二、           语法:
1.       连词and, but ,or和so的用法：、
1）“and”用来连接两个语法上相同的词、短语和句子，表示并列关系。
2）but “但是”, “然而”，用来连接两个有对立或对照性关系的词、短语和 句子，表示一种转折。
3）or “ 或者”, “还是”, “否则”，表示一种选择关系。
4）so因此，所以，表示因果关系
2.       1）动词不定式：to +动词原形 （既“to do sth.”）
agree/choose/decide/hope/learn/plan/prepare/want/… to do sth.
同意/选择/决定/希望/学习/计划/准备/想要/…做某事
2）动词不定式的否定形式：not to do sth.
tell/ask sb. not to do sth. 叫/请某人不要做某事
decide /make up one’s mind not to do sth. 决定不要做某事
try not to do sth.  尽力不要做某事  
be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做某事
3）疑问词+动词不定式：
   what to do  做什么   how to do it  怎样做
4）不带“to”的动词不定式：
make/let sb. do sth. 使/让某人不做某事
see/hear/watch sb. do sth. 看见/听见/观看某人做了某事
see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看见/听见/观看某人在做某事
3.       反身代词：

常与反身代词搭配的动词有：
1)        teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself 自学某事
2)        look after oneself 照顾自己
3)        enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
4)        hurt oneself  伤了某人自己
5)        stay at home alone/by oneself 独自呆在家里
6)        say to oneself 自言自语
7)        dress oneself 自己穿衣服
8)        buy oneself sth./buy sth. for oneself 为自己买东西
9)        Help yourself/yourselves to sth. 随便吃/喝……。
三、           本单元的中心任务: A day out