2015高考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类

 

 

2015高考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解之人物传记与故事类

【2015·新课标全国II】A

My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.

21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

A.       He got an older model than he had expected.

B.        He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

C.        He could have bought it at a lower price.

D.       He failed to find any movie shows on it.

22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?

A.       ended all their programs

B.        provided fewer channels

C.        changed to commercials

D.       showed all-night movies

23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?

A.       By shaking and hitting it

B.        By turning it on and off

C.        By switching channels

D.       By having it repaired

24. How does the author sound when telling the story?

A.       Curious

B.        Anxious

C.        Cautious

D.       Humorous

【答案】

21. C

22. A

23. D

24. D

【解析】

试题分析：我的彩电带给我的只有让我头疼的事。从一开始就让我很不痛快。因为我花的钱比广告上的多，这还不算，机子还是过时的，而且质量也有问题，先是接受频道不全，接着是噪音不断，最后只好自己花钱去修。

21. C  细节理解题。根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。

22.A 词义推测题。根据后一句Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.：幸运的是，我没有可以整晚看电影的频道，否则我就不能睡觉了，故选A。

23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。

24.D推理判断题。根据开头Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.意思是说：看不了电视节目就可以睡觉；中间还说I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.意思是：晃动电视的同时还锻炼了胳膊上肌肉，可知作者很诙谐幽默。故选D。

【考点定位】故事类短文阅读

【名师点睛】本文以考查学生对本故事的内容是否理解为主要考点，以细节理解题为主，兼顾对词语在语境中的意义的考查。最后一题较难，推断作者对事情的态度，考生需要在全文中寻找有关线索，尤其对Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.的理解很关键，or I would never have gotten to bed.是一个虚拟语气句，看不成电视反而成了好事；I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set，晃电视是因为有噪音，作者竟然还提到锻炼了胳膊的肌肉，从中可以看出作者幽默的一面。

                                   【2015·天津】C

One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.

     In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.

     There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical（相同的） to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.

Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.

     My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.

     I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.

46. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to_____.

A. encourage him to do more walking

B. let him spend a meaningful summer

C. help cure him of his reading problem

D. make him learn more about weapons

47. The book caught the author’s eye because_____.

A. it contained pretty pictures of animals

B. it reminded him of his own dog

C. he found its title easy to understand

D. he liked children’s stories very much

48. Why could the author manage to read the book through?

  A. He was forced by his mother to read it.

B. He identified with the story in the book.

C. The book told the story of his pet dog.

D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.

49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. The author has become a successful writer.

B. The author’s mother read the same book.

C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books.

D. The author has had happy summers ever since.

50. Which one could be the best title of the passage?

A. The Charm of a Book                         B. Mum’s Strict Order

C. Reunion with My Beagle                      D. My Passion for Reading

【解析】

试题分析：文章大意：文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。

46. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.可知母亲让他借书看是为了治愈他的阅读问题。故选C。

47. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.可知此本书引起作者注意的原因。选B。

48. B 推理判断题。根据第四段That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.可知作者感同身受地把自己与书本得主人公联系在一起。选B。

49. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。

50. A 主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，从而展现给我们书本的魅力。故选A。

【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读

【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文阅读，整体难度中等。考生需要从整体把握全文，全面理解作者是怎么从阅读困难的孩子，从而演化为一名成功的作家的历程，特别注重作者将自己融合到书本的细节方面的描写。

 

【2015·重庆】A

At thirteen, I was diagnosed（诊所） with  kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.

In my first literature class, Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”

     She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are no different from your classmates, young man.”

I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.

In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots（点）, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.

Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; Ijust needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

I didn’t expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs.Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day- with an“A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words:“ See what you can do when you keep trying?”

36. The author didn’t finish the reading in class because.

A. He was new to the class              B. He was tried of literature

C. He had an attention disorder           D. He wanted to take the task home

37. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?

A. He had good sight                   B. He made a great invention.

C. He gave up reading                  D. He learned a lot from school

38. What was Mrs.Smith ‘s attitude to the author at the end of the story?

A. Angry        B. Impatient     C. Sympathetic       D. Encouraging

38. What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The disabled should be treated with respect.

B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.

C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.

D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.

【解析】

试题分析: 本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事

36.C细节理解题。根据第一段At thirteen, I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder.可知作者被诊断出注意力紊乱，故选C项。

37.B 推断题。根据第五段提到it was about a blind person,Louise Braile,和 Instead , he invented a reading systerm of raised dots，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind可知Louise Braile是个盲人，创造了盲文，故选B项。

38.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到so it was a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A”当我看到作业上A时，非常的吃惊，史密斯小姐对我的态度是令人鼓励的，故选D项。

39.C 主旨大意。本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事，故选C项。

【考点定位】日常生活类阅读

【名师点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，着重一些事实细节，认真阅读题干，找到问题的切入点，不可以自以为的事实做为判断的依据，而要立足于文章，而37题属于推断题，则要根据排除来进行选择，且注意主语是谁，不可与文章的主人公混淆；38题是主旨大意，首先比较选项，排除完全没有意义的A项，再根据文章的大意来判断哪个答案更符合。

【2015·安徽】B

When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing oneperson. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.

Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.

Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."

Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.

60. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.

A. the strength of family unity             B. the difficulty of growing up

C. the advantage of chopsticks             D. the best way of giving a lesson

61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.

A. started a business in 1975           B. left Vietnam without much money

C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco      D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles

62. What can we infer about the An daughters?

A. They did not finish their college education.

B. They could not bear to work in the family business.

C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.

D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.

63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. How to Run a Corporation              B. Strength Comes from Peace

C. How to Achieve a Big Dream            D. Family Unity Builds Success

【答案】

60. A

61. B

62. C

63. D

【解析】

试题分析：文章通过讲述一个家族企业的发展历程。作者以此来强调家庭团结的重要性。Helene和丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。Helene给她的女儿讲述了一个关于团结的故事。一双筷子很容易被折断，但是，当几双筷子绑在一起时，它们将很难被折断，对于家庭来说亦是如此。

60. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family.

This lesson about family unity...”可知，Helene把筷子绑在一起并试着折断它们，是为了显示团结的力量。

61. B 细节理解题。根据“when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.”可知，当离开越南时，Helene夫妇并没有太多的钱。

62. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Eventually the girls all graduated from college”排除A；根据“the daughters returned to work in the family business”可知，Helene的女儿们相继都回到了家族企业，但文中未提到她们无法承受家族企业里的工作，排除B；根据“they worked together to make the business successful”可知，虽然有分歧，但她们还是齐心协力地工作，排除D。

63. D 选择最佳标题。根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结).”和第三段“to succeed we must have unity”与第四段“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。

【考点定位】故事类短文阅读

【名师点睛】细节理解题比较简单，考生可以从文中直接找到提示；推理判断题需要从文中找到排除某一个选项的依据，而不能主观臆断。选择最佳标题，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从手段和末段寻找文章的主旨大意。