I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay.
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company;
I gazed-and gazed-but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills.
And dances with the daffodils.
Notes:
Wander: move about aimlessly and without destination; float: something that remains on the surface of s liquid; vales: valleys.
Beneath: under; flutter: the act of moving back and forth; breeze: gentle wind.
Continuous:continuing without end.; twinkle:gleam with a brief spark. Milky way: the galaxy consists of millions of stars.
Stretch: spread or expand; margin: edge or boundary line;
Tossing: moving; sprightly: happily and full of spirit.
Outdid: do better than; sparkling: shining or gleaming; glee: joyfulness; gay: bright and pleasant; jocund: happy.
Gaze: stare at.
Vacant: loneliness or in solitude; pensive: showing meditative sadness.
Flash upon: suddenly thinks of or reminds of something; inward: inside; bliss: comfort. Solitude: loneliness.
Paraphrase:
I moved about aimlessly as a lonely cloud floating in the sky over valleys and mountains.
Suddenly I saw a large amount of golden daffodils moving and dancing in the gentle wind near to the lake under the tree.
So many flowers there just like shining stars in the sky and they extended far beyond my sight close to the edge of a bay.
In my sight I saw thousands of daffodils dancing with their heads moving in high spirit.
The waves beside daffodils also danced in the wind, but they did not dance better that those flowers with joyfulness.
A poet could not help feeling pleasantly with such beautiful flowers around.
I watched those flowers carefully and had no idea about the real spirit they brought to me.
When I lie on my couch, I am often in the mood of low spirit and loneliness.
As I suddenly thinks of those beautiful flowers in my heart, they bring a kind of comfort to my loneliness.
Then my heart fills with pleasure and dances with daffodils.
Meter: iambic tetrameter: I wan/dered lone/ly as/ a cloud
That floats/ on high/ o’er vales/ and hills
Rhyme: ababcc
cloud, crowd /aud/ ; hills, daffodils /ilz/; trees, breeze /ri:s/
Musical devices:
Alliteration: /b/ in “beside” and “beneath”
Assonance: /s/ in “stars” and “shine”
Consonance: /riŋ/ in “fluttering” and “dancing”
Figures of speech:
Hypobole: “they stretched in never-ending line” “ten thousand saw I at a glance”
Metaphor: comparison of poet with a lonely cloud, daffodils with shining stars.
Metonymy: “inward eye” symbolizes heart
Personification: “fluttering and dancing in the breeze” “tossing their head”
Theme:
This poem is a simple lyric about natural scenery in association with strong emotion. The poet compares himself as a lonely cloud that indicates his feelings of sadness and loneliness, then the image of a host of beautiful daffodils dancing in the wind makes a sharp contrast with the image of poet himself above. Those simple lines conveys the flow of emotion of the poet towards the nature. In the second stanza, the poet presents a world of dancing daffodils like shining stars and vividly makes waves set off the daffodils to its beauty and happiness. In the end, the poet points out the theme of whole poetry, just like he once said that a strong overflow of strong emotion that recollected in tranquility”, so here when the poet is alone, he thinks of those daffodils with his heart full of happiness that drives off his feeling of loneliness and sadness. This pleasant memory reminds the poet of the harmonious relation and union of people and nature and expresses his passionate love towards nature. This lyric is also the best example of Wordsworth’s poetic principles.
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