[AbyssThinIce注]
拉丁字母转写如下:
阳性:
阴性:
单数
双数
复数
单数
双数
复数
体 sas
tau
te
sā
te
tās
业 tam
"
tān
tām
"
"
具 tena
tābhyām
tais
tayā
tābhyām
tābhis
为 tasmai
"
tebhyas
tasyai
"
tābhyas
从 tasmāt
"
"
tasyās
"
"
属
tasya
tayos
teṣām
"
tayos
tāsām
依
tasmin
"
teṣu
tasyām
"
tāsu
中性:
单数
双数
复数
体 tad
te
tāni
业 "
"
"
具 tena
tābhyām
tais 等等,同阳性。
229. The nom. sing. masc. सस्, and
its compound एषस्, lose their final स्
before any consonant;
before vowels, and at the end of a sentence, they follow the usual
euphonic rules. Thus, स गच्छति, स तिष्ठति; स इच्छति; सो ऽस्यति;
गच्छति सः.
229. 阳性单数体格सस्、和其复合词एषस्在任何辅音之前失去它们的末尾स्;在元音之前、和在句尾,它们遵循通常的谐音规则。从而,स
गच्छति,स तिष्ठति;स इच्छति;सो ऽस्यति;गच्छति सः。
230. The third personal pronoun is
used oftenest as a weak or indefinite demonstrative, especially as
antecedent to a relative; and often like the English "definite
article."
230. 第三人称代词最经常用作弱的或不定的指示词,尤其是作为关系词的先行词;并且经常像英语的“定冠词”。
231. Like त are
declined:
(a) एत, 'this', formed by prefixing ए to the forms
of त, throughout; thus, nom. sing. m. एषस्, f. एषा, n.
एतद्;
(b) the relative pronoun (and adj.) य, 'which,
who';
(c) comparatives and
superlatives from pronominal roots, such as
कतर, 'which (of the
two)?' and कतम 'which (of the many)?' So यतर and यतम; एकतम 'one of
many'; अन्य 'other', with its comparative
अन्यतर; and इतर 'different'.
-- Yet other words are so inflected, but with अम् instead
of अद् in nom.-acc.-voc. sing. neut.: as, सर्व, विश्व, 'all '; एक
'one', in pl. 'some'; उभय, f. ॰यी (only sing. and pl.),
'both'.
231. 变格如त的有:
(a)एत‘此’,通过在त的形式上一律前加ए来构成;从而,单数体格阳性एषस्,阴性एषा,中性एतद्;
(b)关系代词(和形容词)य,‘哪一个,谁’;
(c)来自代词词根的比较级和最高级,例如कतर,‘(两个中的)哪一个?’、和कतम‘(多个中的)哪一个?’同样,यतर和यतम;एकतम‘多个之一’;अन्य‘其他’、与其比较级अन्यतर;以及इतर‘不同的’。
--还有其他词也是这样变化的,但是在中性单数体-业-呼格中具有अम्而不是अद्:如,सर्व,
विश्व‘全部’;एक‘一个’,复数时表示‘一些’;उभय,阴性॰यी(只有单数和复数),‘两者’。
232. The interrogative pronoun क
(for which the Hindus give the base as किम्) follows precisely the
declension of त, except nom.-acc. sing. neut. किम्; nom. sing. m.
कस्, f. का.
232. 疑问代词क(其词基印度人给作किम्)完全遵循त的变格,除过中性单数体-业格किम्;单数体格阳性कस्,阴性का。
233. A
number of words follow the pronominal declension in some of their
significations, or optionally; but in other senses, or without
known rule, lapse into the adjective inflection. Such are
comparatives and superlatives from prepositional stems, as अधर
'lower', अधम 'lowest'; पर 'chief', पूर्व 'earlier', उत्तर 'upper',
'northern', दक्षिण 'southern', etc. Occasional forms of the
pronominal declension are met with from numeral adjectives, and
from other words having somewhat of a numeral character, as अल्प
'few', अर्ध 'half',
etc.