87. Strong and
weak cases.
In stems ending
in consonants, and those in
ऋ ṛ (or
अर् ar), there is seen a distinction of
stem-form in different cases. Sometimes the stem-forms are two,
when they are called strong and weak respectively; sometimes three:
strong, middle, and weakest. As is the case with verbs, this
variation of stem-form often goes hand-in-hand with a shift of
accent.
87.
强格和弱格。
在以辅音结尾的词干中、和以ऋ ṛ（或अर् ar）结尾的词干中，在不同格中可以看到词干形式的差异。有时词干形式有两种，分别被称为强和弱；有时有三种：强、中、和最弱。与动词同样，这种词干形式的变化经常伴随重音的转移。
88. In the masculine and feminine,
the strong cases are the nom. and acc., both sing. and dual, and
the nom. pl. The rest are weak; or, if there be the distinction of
three stem-forms, then the instr., dat., abl., gen., and loc.
sing., the gen. and loc. du., and the gen. pl. (all of which take
endings beginning with a vowel), are weakest; and the instr., dat.,
and abl. du., the instr., dat., abl., and loc. pl. (whose endings
begin with consonants), are middle.
88. 在阳性和阴性中，强格是单、双数体格和业格，和复数体格。其余是弱格；或者，如果有三种词干形式的差异，则单数具格、为格、从格、属格、和依格，双数属格和依格，以及复数属格（它们都采用以元音开头的词尾）是最弱格；而双数具格、为格、和从格，复数具格、为格、从格、和依格（其词尾以辅音开头）是中格。
89. In the neuter, the only strong
cases are the nom. and acc. pl.; if there be the triple
distinction, then the nom. and acc. sing. are middle, and the same
cases in the dual are weakest. Otherwise the cases are classified
as in the masculine.
89. 在中性中，强格只有复数体格和业格；如果有三种差异，则单数体格和业格是中格，而这些格的双数是最弱格。否则格的分类同阳性。
90.
Case-endings.
The normal scheme
of case-endings, as recognized by the native grammarians (and
conveniently to be assumed as the basis of special descriptions),
is this:
Singular
Dual
Plural
m.f.
n. m.f.
n. m.f.
n.
N.
s
m au
ī
as
i
A.
am
au
ī
as
i
I.
ā
bhyām
bhis
D.
e
bhyām
bhyas
Ab.
as
bhyām
bhyas
G.
as
os
ām
L.
i
os
su
It applies entire
to consonant-stems, and to the radical division
of ī and ū-stems;
and to other vowel-stems, with considerable variations and
modifications. The endings which have almost or quite unbroken
range, through stems of all classes,
are bhyām and os of
the dual,
and bhis, bhyas,ām,
and su of the
plural.
90.
格尾。
印度语法学家认可（并且将被方便地用作特殊描述的基础）的正常格尾体系如下：
单数
双数 复数
阳阴
中 阳阴
中 阳阴
中
体
s
m au
ī
as
i
业
am
au
ī
as
i
具
ā
bhyām
bhis
为
e
bhyām
bhyas
从
as
bhyām
bhyas
属
as
os
ām
依
i
os
su
它完全适用于辅音词干，适用于词根类ī和ū词干；并且适用于其他元音词干，但要作相当大的变化和改动。对各类词干几乎都适用的格尾是双数的bhyām和os，和复数的bhis、bhyas、ām、和su。
[AbyssThinIce注]
本对照中将原文的āu均改作au。
91.
Pada-endings.
The
case-endings bhyām, bhis, bhyas,
and su -- i.e. those of
the middle cases -- are
called pada("word")-endings. The
treatment of stem-finals before them is generally
the same as in the combinations
of words with one
another.
91. Pada格尾（准词格尾）。
格尾bhyām、bhis、bhyas、和su－－即中格格尾－－称为pada（“词”）格尾（准词格尾）。它们之前的干尾的处理一般和词与词之间的结合相同。
[AbyssThinIce注]
“准词格尾”为译者生造，不知妥否。
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