1,查看netcdf文件基本信息，可以看到各个变量的名称

>> ncdisp('freeair.nc')

Source:

           E:\FedoraShare\work\MohoInversion\matlabCode\bouguerCorrection\data\freeair.nc

Format:

           classic

Global Attributes:

           Conventions = 'COARDS/CF-1.0'

           title       = 'freeair.nc'

           history     = 'grdproject -Jm1 -R112/122/24.9849663108/35.0097358103 -I freeair.nc -Gfreeair.nc'

           GMT_version = '4.5.9 [64-bit]'

           node_offset = 1

Dimensions:

           lon = 600

           lat = 696

Variables:

    lon

           Size:       600x1

           Dimensions: lon

           Datatype:   double

           Attributes:

                       long_name    = 'longitude'

                       units        = 'degrees_east'

                       actual_range = [1.12e+02 1.22e+02]

    lat

           Size:       696x1

           Dimensions: lat

           Datatype:   double

           Attributes:

                       long_name    = 'latitude'

                       units        = 'degrees_north'

                       actual_range = [2.50e+01 3.50e+01]

    z 

           Size:       600x696

           Dimensions: lon,lat

           Datatype:   single

           Attributes:

                       long_name    = 'z'

                       _FillValue   = NaN

                       actual_range = [-6.64e+01  1.16e+02]

2，读取文件

%打开文件

ncid=netcdf.open('freeair.nc','NC_NOWRITE');

%返回变量id

latid=netcdf.inqVarID(ncid,'lat') ;

lonid=netcdf.inqVarID(ncid,'lon') ;

zid=netcdf.inqVarID(ncid,'z');

%读取变量

lat=netcdf.getVar(ncid,latid);

lon=netcdf.getVar(ncid,lonid);

z=netcdf.getVar(ncid,zid);

3，写入netcdf文件

%使用matlab原生支持命令创建nc文件范例
12-05-15
%% 1创建nc文件
% cid = netcdf.create(filename, mode)
% mode：
% 'NC_NOCLOBBER'：                Prevent overwriting of existing file with the same name.
% 'NC_SHARE'：                        Allow synchronous file updates.
% 'NC_64BIT_OFFSET'：        Allow easier creation of files and variables which are larger than two gigabytes.

ncid = netcdf.create('test.nc','NC_NOCLOBBER')

%% 2定义Dimension
% dimid = netcdf.defDim(ncid,dimname,dimlen)

dimidx = netcdf.defDim(ncid,'lon',10);
dimidy = netcdf.defDim(ncid,'lat',10);

%% 3.定义变量：
% varid = netcdf.defVar(ncid,varname,xtype,dimids)
varid = netcdf.defVar(ncid,'test','double',[dimidx dimidy]);

%% 4 完成netCDF文件定义模式
netcdf.endDef(ncid)

%% 5 把数据写到netcdf的文件中
% netcdf.putVar(ncid,varid,data)
% netcdf.putVar(ncid,varid,start,data)
% netcdf.putVar(ncid,varid,start,count,data)
% netcdf.putVar(ncid,varid,start,count,stride,data)
netcdf.putVar(ncid,varid,rand(10))


%% 6 关闭文件
netcdf.close(ncid);

参考网址：

http://www.ilovematlab.cn/thread-217430-1-1.html