2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试及解析

英 语 (全国卷I)

第一部分听力理解(共两节，满分30分)省

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

A

Need a Job This Summer?

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could beeligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Whois eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).

Summer Company

SummerCompany provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to$3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Whois eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.

stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

Whois eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.

Summer Employment opportunities(机会)

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in avariety of summer positions across the Provincial public service, its relate dagencies and community groups.

Whois eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

21. What isspecialaboutSummer Company?

A. It requires no training beforeemployment.

B. It provides awards for running newbusinesses.

C. It allows one to work in thenatural environment.

D. It offers more summer jobopportunities.

答案解析   难度：易

答案：B

根据标题定位词回归段落Summer Company段落。Summer Companyprovidesstudents withhands-on business training andawardsof up to $3,000 to startand run their own summer businesses.对文本信息进行提炼组合。

22. What is the age range required byStewardship Youth RangerProgram?

A. 15-18.

B. 15-24.

C. 15-29.

D. 16-17.

答案解析

难度：易+，部分同学易误选A

答案：D

根据标题定位回归Stewardship Youth Ranger Program段落。Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.根据句意，可知16,17岁的学生是在年龄范围。学生易受到but后的信息迷惑，但是要在今年12月31日前未满18岁，要注意not。

23. Which program favors thedisabled?

A. Jobs for Youth.

B. Summer Company.

C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.

D. Summer Employment Opportunities.

答案解析   难度：易-

答案：D

借助排除法BC段落在前面已经考察，所以排除。在AD中寻找定位词disabled，回归Summer Employment Opportunities段。根据句意，落Who is eligible: Students aged 15 orolder. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for personswith a disability.可知答案为D。

B

For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right nowit’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

Buthe’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris tripson the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me…”Except for somestumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go tothe bathroom.

Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is agreat teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”

Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.

“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”

24. What made Chrisnervous？

A. Telling a story.

B. Making a speech.

C. Taking a test.

D. Answering a question.

答案解析   难度：易

答案：B

根据题干定位第二段。因是记叙文需要读上文情景。根据句意：With shining dark eyes, he seems likethe kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous.以及二段结尾处When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.可知Chris要做演讲。

25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2refer to?

A. Improper pauses.B. Badmanners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.

答案解析   难度：易+

答案：A

词义猜测题，回归上下文。“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Christrips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native Englishspeakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Votefor …me …”Except for somestumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well.根据句意should … should…中的停顿以及Chris trips on the“-ld,”可知Chris在“-ld”上有结巴，选A。本题难点在于trip的熟词僻意。

26. We can infer that the purpose ofWhaley’s projectis to_________.

A. help students see their ownstrengths

B. assess students’ public speakingskills

C. prepare students for their futurejobs

D. inspire students’ love forpolitics

答案解析   难度：中

答案：A

根据题干定位，回归文章倒数第二段。根据句意信息：Whaley says the project is about morethan just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn toboast(夸耀)about themselves.

“Boastingabout yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child whocame into the classroom not feeling confident.”

Whaley不仅想要孩子们学会阅读和演讲，更希望孩子们夸耀自己和自己的优点，并建立自信。可知答案选A

27. Which of the following bestdescribes Whaley as a teacher?

A. Humorous.

B. Ambitious.

C. Caring.

D. Demanding.

答案解析   难度：易

答案：C

根据文章故事情节，老师先是帮助Chris完成演讲。后面为同学建立信心设立presidential campaign project可知Whaley老师一心为同学着想。humorous幽默的，ambitious有雄心壮志的；caring关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。

C

As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing forbiometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out ofprivate e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: as mart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whethers omeone gets the password right.

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straight forward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

28.Whydo the researchers develop thesmart keyboard?

A. To reduce pressure on keys.

B. Toimprove accuracy in typing

C. To replace the password system.

D. To cut the cost of e-spaceprotection.

答案解析   难度：中

答案：D

根据定位回归文章第二段Researchers from Georgia Tech saythat they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.可知the smart keyboard是为了解决价格昂贵的问题。选D。

29. Whatmakesthe invention of the smart keyboardpossible？

A. Computers are mucheasier to operate.

B.Fingerprint scanningtechniques develop fast.

C.Typing patternsvary from person to person.

D.Data securitymeasures are guaranteed.

答案解析   难度：难

答案：C

本题需要定位选项。The key board could offer a stronglayer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and thetime between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, thekeyboard can determine people's identities。因果逻辑词thus为重要提示，可知因为每个人的打字方式不同，因为键盘可以辨认人的身份。

30. What do theresearchers expectof thesmart keyboard？

A. It'll be environment-friendly.

B. It'll reach consumers soon.

C. It'll be made of plastics.

D. It'll help speed up typing.

答案解析

难度：中+，迷惑选项：C

答案：B

根据题干定位，回归文章最后。The team hopes to make it to marketin the near future.可知研究人员希望产品尽快问世。此处hope对应题干expect。考生易误选C因为上文有提到and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.

31. Where is this text most likelyfrom?

A. A diary.

B. A guidebook

C. Anovel.

D. A magazine.

答案解析   难度：易

答案：D

D

During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweensand teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.

Popularityis a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviableas the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”

Inone study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high instatus. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us."

Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

Inanalyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.

32. What sort of girl was the authorin herearly years ofelementary school?

A. Unkind.

B. Lonely.

C. Generous.

D.Cool.

答案解析   难度：易

答案：C

根据题干定位，回归文章第一段。During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls andjokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.可知作者在学校乐于分享，选C。

33. What is thesecondparagraph mainlyabout？

A. The classification of the popular.

B. The characteristics ofadolescents.

C. The importance of interpersonalskills.

D. The causes of dishonorablebehavior.

答案解析  难度：难-

答案：A

段落主旨题，答案一般在首尾句。此段是总分结构，根据段首信息Popularity is a well-explored subjectin social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sortsthe popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.可知Mitch教授将受欢迎分为两类。此题考查sort和classification的呼应。考生易受到其他选项中的词汇在文章中出现的干扰。

34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find aboutthe most liked kids?

A. They appeared to be aggressive.

B. They tended to be more adaptable.

C. They enjoyed the highest status.

D. They performed well academically.

答案解析   难度：难-

答案：B

根据定位回归文章第四段。It clearly showed that whilelikability can lead to healthy adjustment可知有人望可以使人有健康的适应性。考查adjustment与adaptable的呼应。

35. What is the best title for thetext?

A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last

B. The Higher the Status, the Better

C. Be the Best—You Can Make It

D. More Self-Control, LessAggressiveness

答案解析   难度：中+

答案：A

标题型题目，考查对全文重点信息的把控。本题难点在于对选项的解读。全文从不同角度分析了受到喜爱对人的深渊影响，答案选A.对别人好，你会受益无穷。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”____36____According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.

___37___Ifthe airyou’re breathingis clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the airis filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.

Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)._____38_____Intheseplaces patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who seetree branchesout their windoware likely to recoverat a faster rate than patients who see buildings orsky instead.______39______It gives us a great feeling of peace.

___40___While thesun's rayscan age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.

A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B.So what are you waiting for?

CBeing in nature refreshes us.

D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

答案解析

36. 难度：易

答案：E

根据下文According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，中the answer is a big YES可知上面需要有一般疑问句。

37.难度：易

答案：A

根据下文If the air you’re breathing isclean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air isfilled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.可知在谈论air的优点，选A。

38.难度：易

答案：G

根据下文In these places patients can go to benear nature during their recovery.可知these places需要上文出现地点，可知只有选项G有地点Healing Gardens.

39. 难度：中

答案：C

根据上文Hospital patients who see treebranches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patientswho see buildings or sky instead.可知接触树木可以帮助医院的病人更快的恢复。Tree branches与选项C中的nature呼应，recover可以与refresh呼应。

40.难度：中-

答案：D

根据后文While the sun's rays can age and harmour skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D.提到sun’s rays能够提供Vd，在描述阳光的好处。可知只有D提到sunlight，选D。

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They___41___withthem lots of waste. The___42___mightdamagethe beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the___43___of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m___44___about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon___45___that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of___46___among tons of rubbish. I find a___47___mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are___48___but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be___49___.

The best of a Kilimanjaro___50___in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top.Mountains are___51___as spiritual places by many cultures. This___52___is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as___53___go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters,___54___lands of low growing plants.Further up, the weather___55___— low clouds envelope the mountain sides, which are covered with thick grass. I___56___twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the high land___57___:gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.___58___you climb into anarctic-like zone with___59___snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro___60___its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.

41. A. keep B. mix C.connect D.bring

42. A. stories B. buildings C.crowdsD.reporters

解析：考察名词同义复现。可以对此地造成破坏，在上句中有出现40,000 people可知选C，人群。

43. A. position B. age C.faceD.name

解析：冰川消失，能够改变的是乞力马扎罗山脉的地貌，选C。

44. A. silentB.skepticalC.serious D. crazy

解析：A. silent沉默的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据后文可知作者去实地考察，因此对现在是怀疑的态度。选B。

45. A.discoverB.argue C.decide D. advocate

解析：根据句意“然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。”根据后面的change可知选discover发现。

46. A. equipment B. grass C.campsD.stones

解析：考察名词复现，下一句中出现了at camps，可知选C。

47. A. remote B. quiet C.all D.clean

解析：根据后文with toilet at camps and along thepaths可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这座山很干净，故选D。

48. A. new B. special C.significantD.necessary

解析：根据后面but可以得出结论“环境挑战是巨大的” A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C.significant重要的，相当大的；D. necessary必要的，选C。

49.A. paying offB.spreading out C. blowingup D. fading away

解析：考察短语，A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D.fading away；逐渐消退。根据句意：but the efforts seem to be paying off。努力得到了回报，选A。

50.A. atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D. sight

解析：根据表语isn’t reaching the top登山就是人生的一种经历,选B。

51. A. studied B. observed C.explored D.regarded

解析：考察句意+搭配。are___51___as山在许多文化中被视为精神圣地。选D。

52. A.viewB.quality C.reason D. purpose

解析：后文提到“在乞力马扎罗山，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时”可知，5个生态系统带来的是不同的景色体验，选A。

53. A. scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials

解析：根据后文go through five ecosystems可知只有登山者才可以穿越，经历5个生态系统，选B。

54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D.giving way to

解析：考察短语辨析，A.hold on to抓住；B. go back to回到，追溯到；C. live up to做到；D. give way to让步。根据句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，_____大片的低矮植物。前后句意要表达热带雨林变为低矮植物，选D。

55. A.changesB.clears C.improves D. permits

解析：根据下文。Further up，low clouds以及thick grass可知生态风貌发生了改变，选A。

56. A. match B. imagine C.countD.add

解析：根据后文twelve shades of green12种色度的绿色可知，应是数出来12种，选C。

57. A. village B.desertC.road D. lake

解析：“：”冒号后面gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.是对前面的解释，可知应该是沙漠的景象，选B。

58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D.Finally

解析：根据下文爬到了arctic-like zone类似北极的冰川区域，可知是5个生态中的最后一个，选D。

59. A.permanentB.little C.fresh D.artificial

解析：考察形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的；B.little小的；C.fresh新鲜的；D.artifical人造的。选择形容词修饰雪和冰川，且面定语从句提示可能很快消失，选A。

60. A. enjoy B.deserveC.save D. acquire

解析：A. enjoy享受；B.deserve值得；C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。根据句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤且挤满了游客的山，它宁静的气氛遭到破坏，它值得这样的名声吗？选B。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence___61___they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the rangehas been___62___(poor)studied;however, biologists calculate that there area bout 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.

Modem methods___63___tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by___67___(note) that hungry bears maybe congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are___68___(high) than they actually are. Of___69___nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six___70___(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

答案解析

答案：61.that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported

66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are

3个无提示词，7个有提示词（5个动词，2个形容词）

61.同位语从句。修饰evidence，且从句中不缺成分，用that；

62. has been___62___(poor) studied，poor在此处修饰动词，用副词形式；

63.考察固定结构methods of doing sth；

64.考察不定式，系+表+to do；

65.主句中没有谓语，考察report做谓语。根据时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported；

66.根据前面冠词“a”可知考察名词，故填belief；

67.前有介词by可知考察动名词，填noting；

68.根据后文than，可知考察比较级，填higher；

69.名词需要冠词限定；

70.考察谓语考点。此处six为six of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations主语为复数，谓语用are。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.

答案解析

第一句：interesting→interested

第二句：where→when

第三句：football前面加上a

第三句：but→and

第四句：hardly→hard

第五句：surprising→surprise

第六句：player→players

第六句：say→saying

第七句：now→then

第七句：去掉my

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

72. 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括:

1. 写信目的；2. 个人优势；3. 能做的事情。

注意:

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 结束语已为你写好。

【参考范文】感谢于锦涛同学提供

I am writing to apply for the job as a volunteer in this exhibition of Chinese painting. Then are the reasons that prove I am qualified for your recruiting demands.

To begin with, I am an exchange student who is now studying in a local college, depending on a prominent advantage of English level. Additionally, having participated in a great many social activities, there is no denying that I am skilled at communicating with visitors and satisfying their needs. Further more, with a three-year painting-learning experience, the unique structures as well as its profound meanings quite impress me a lot . Thus, I would like to do my utmostto demonstrate these extensive cultures to our foreign friends.

What is the most significant is that, in the meanwhile, I am able to work at other posts such as reporting, interpreting and so on. It will far and away be an impressive memory in my temporary period of overseas study. I would appreciate it if you take my application into consideration.