自杀式人体炸弹袭击者的心理（中英文）

阿里尔米拉利曾与自杀式袭击者和恐怖袭击的组织者交谈过，发现他们两者之间大不相同。
It has been thought that suicide terrorists are not psychologically different from other terrorists, but your latest research on Palestinian would-be bombers who failed to blow themselves up suggests otherwise. What did you find?
 
问：人们认为，自杀式恐怖分子的心理和其他种类的恐怖分子的心理相同，但您的最新研究，即关于想成为人体炸弹却未能成功引爆自己的巴勒斯坦人，该研究结论与人们的想法相反。 那么您发现了什么？

They seem to have certain personality characteristics that make them more likely to be recruited to or to volunteer for suicide-bombing missions. None of the 15 would-be suicide bombers we interviewed suffered from a psychosis, but they had one of two personality types. Two-thirds were dependent-avoidant: such people find it hard to say no to authority figures and are more likely to cooperate to carry out tasks against their own judgement. They are also greatly influenced by public opinion. The rest were impulsive and emotionally unstable. These types are likely to volunteer, but in many cases their enthusiasm will not last long enough for them to see it through.
答：他们似乎有一定的个性特征，使其更容易被招募成为人体炸弹或自愿的完成自杀爆炸任务。我所采访过的15个想成为自杀袭击者都没患过精神疾病，但他们大都有两种人格中的一种。三分之二人是依赖-回避型：这类人觉得很难对权威人物说不，而且更可能去配合完成违背自己意愿的任务。同时，他们深受舆论影响。而其余的人则易冲动，情绪不稳定。这两种类型的人可能会成为志愿者，但在许多情况下，他们的热情不足以持续到完成任务。

Were they militantly ideological?
问：他们都是凶猛好斗的吗？
None were any more militant than the average Palestinian. For many, the suicide mission was their first involvement in terrorism. Ideological motivation was not what made them suicide bombers. Two-thirds hesitated somewhere along the line, though this was caused by fear of death and worry about their families.
答：他们并不比其他巴勒斯坦人更激进。自杀性任务大都是他们第一次参与的恐怖活动。思想政治动机不是促使他们成为人体炸弹的原因。 三分之二人都会犹豫，虽然是因为害怕死亡和担心他们的家庭。

How are they able to see the operation through to the end?
问：他们是如何完成自杀式袭击行动的呢？
Some of them apparently enter a psychological state known as a dissociation, in which they shut themselves off to disturbing thoughts. One bomber, who tried to blow himself up on a bus, told us he was afraid from the moment he was recruited, and that his fear grew as the operation drew near. But he says he does not remember anything from the moment he stepped onto the bus. I believe him. We know what happened from the passengers. He walked to the middle of the bus and tried to activate the explosive charge but it didn't work. He pressed it again and again. People were all over him, he was kicking and fighting and shouting. But he remembers nothing. He had shut himself off because he was in a terrible conflict.
答：其中有些人似乎进入一种被称为离解的心理状态，他们把自己与令自己不安的想法隔绝开来。一名自杀式袭击者曾企图在一辆公共汽车上引爆自己。他告诉我们，他这么做是因为害怕被招去做人体炸弹，这种恐惧随着任务的来临与日俱增。但他说他记不起来上车后发生了什么事。我相信他。从乘客那里，我们得知了后来发生的事。他走到汽车中部，试图引爆炸弹，但没有奏效。他一次又一次地按下按钮。周围都是乘客，他又是踢打又是叫喊。但他什么也不记得。因为陷入激烈的自我矛盾中，他把自己从周围环境中隔离出来了。

You also interviewed 14 organisers of suicide attacks, all of them senior commanders of Palestinian militant groups. How does their psychology compare?
问：您也访问了14名自杀性袭击活动的组织者，他们都是巴勒斯坦武装组织中的高级指挥官。相较之下， 他们的心态如何？

Their psychology is very different. They are not dependent - they are manipulative. They are much more intelligent than the bombers and are also older - 27 on average in our study, compared with 19 for the bombers. Some had university education. They were not psychopathic. They were very pragmatic, they believed they were doing it for their nation and that it was the right thing to do. They did not express any moral doubts about it.
答：他们的心理是与自杀式袭击者大不相同。他们不是从属者而是操纵者。相对自杀式袭击者，他们更聪明，也更年长——在我们的研究，他们的平均年龄是27岁，而自杀式袭击者的平均年龄是19岁。甚至有些人还上过大学。他们不是心理变态。他们非常务实，认为他们是为自己的祖国而做，而且这么做是对的。他们从不对自杀式袭击有任何道德上的怀疑。

How did you feel talking to them?
问：当时和他们交流时，您有什么感想呢？

The would-be bombers did not look how you would imagine typical murderers. They looked like pitiable young boys. There is no air of malice around them. In interviews they were usually kind and polite. I saw them as people who were manipulated.

答：那些想要成为人体炸弹的人并没有你想象中的那种典型的杀手形象。他们更像可怜的小男孩。 他们并没有杀气。 在采访中，他们大都很友好很有礼貌。 我更倾向认为他们被人操纵了。
With the organisers it was different. I knew these were the people who sent youngsters to kill innocent civilians, though I could still relate to them as human beings. In a way I was dissociated from them. If you want to really understand what motivates people, you cannot be judgemental when you talk to them. I could not think about the terrible human aspect of what they did.
随着组织者的不同，具体情况也是不同的。据我所知，有些组织者命令年轻人杀害无辜平民，尽管我仍把他们当作人看待。在某种程度上，我也将自己从他们中隔离出来。如果你想真正了解他们的动机，在和他们交谈时，不要做出任何判断，不去想他们做出的那些令人震惊的事。
太原白马心理咨询中心     联系电话：13653689428