宾语从句“三要素”

      从历年的中考来看，无论何种题型，对宾语从句的考查主要从“三要素”着手，即：引导词，语序和时态。下面，同学们就和我一起，从这三方面把握宾语从句吧。

要素一：引导词

（1）如果做宾语的句子是陈述句，引导词用that,有时可省略。

练一练：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句

 He is a middle school student.   I think.

I think _________ he is a middle school student

解析：that。 因为作宾语从句的“He is a middle school student.”是一个陈述句。

(2)如果做宾语的句子是一般疑问句，引导词用if 或whether. （从句中有or not时，必须用whether）

练一练：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句

1.       Is he a middle school student?  Do you think?

Do you think ________ he is a middle school student

2.       Does Jimmy like watching TV?  I wonder.

I wonder __________ Jimmy likes watching TV.

3.       Have you been to many places or not?  Tom asked.

Tom asked __________ you had been to many places or not.

解析:1. if。因为作宾语从句的“Is he a middle school student?”是一般疑问句。

     2．If。因为作宾语从句的“Does Jimmy like watching TV?”是一般疑问句。

     3. whether。因为作宾语从句的“Have you been to many places or not? ”是一般疑问句，而且从句中有or not。

 (3)如果做宾语的句子是特殊疑问句，引导词就用特殊疑问词。

练一练：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句

1.       Where is the bank?.  The old man asked.

The old man asked _________ the bank is.

2.       What did the teacher say? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me _______ the teacher said.

3.       How can I get to the museum? I don’t know.

I don’t know ________I can get to the museum.

解析:1.where。因为作宾语从句的“Where is the bank?”是where引导的特殊疑问句，

     2. what。因为作宾语从句的“What did the teacher say?”是what引导的特殊疑问句。

     3. whether。因为作宾语从句的“How can I get to the museum?”是how引导的特殊疑问句。

     要素二：语序

     在宾语从句中，一律使用陈述语序（主+谓+宾+其他）。

练一练：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句

1.       Will they go to many places?  Could you tell me?

Could you tell me________ _______ _______ go to many places.

2.       Does Jimmy like watching TV? Do you know?

Do you know _______  Jimmy__________ watching TV

3.       How can I get to the nearby restaurant? I wonder.

I wonder _________ I ________ get to the nearby restaurant.

4. When did you finish your homework? Mary asked.

        Mary asked _________ you _________ your homework.

解析:1.if, they, will. 因为作宾语从句的“Will they go to many places ?”是一般疑问句,而且要用陈述句语序。

     2．If， likes。因为作宾语从句的“Does Jimmy like watching TV ?”是一般疑问句,而且要用陈述句语序，时态一般现在时。

     3.how, can。 因为作宾语从句的“How can I get to the nearby restaurant ?”是how引导的特殊疑问句，而且要用陈述句语序。

     4. when, finish。因为作宾语从句的“When did you finish your homework ?”是how引导的特殊疑问句，而且要用陈述句语序，一般过去时。

     要素三： 时态 （主过从过，主现从变）

（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句的谓语动词用相应的时态。

练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空

I hear that he _________ (be) not at school yesterday.

解析：was。根据宾语从句中的关键词yesterday可知该用一般过去时。

（2）如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。.

练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空

1．I heard that he_________(be) from America.

2．They told me they____________(will)have dinner at home tomorrow.

解析：1.was。根据主句中的heard可知，宾语从句的谓语该用一般过去时。

   2.would。根据主句中的told可知，宾语从句该用过去时态，根据宾语从句的

tomorrow可知，改用将来时，综合考虑，宾语从句改用过去将来时态。

（3）当从句表示的是真理或一个永久的事实，可以用现在时态。

练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空

He told us that the earth__________(turn)around the sun.

解析：turns。 根据宾语从句是客观真理，所以时态用一般现在时。

温馨提示：宾语从句是特殊疑问句，且从句和主句的主语或间接宾语一致，可以 “连接代词 / 副词+不定式”结构。

练一练：改同义句

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

Can you tell me ______ _____ ________ to the station?

解析：how to get。因为宾语从句“how I can get to the station”是how引导的特殊疑问句，而且宾语从句的主语I 和主句里的间接宾语me是指同一个人。

同学们，以上的考点你们都掌握了吗？那就来测一测吧。

一．句型转换，根据要求改写句子，每空一词。

1、Does Mr Green live in Shanghai? Could you tell me?（改同义句）

    Could you tell me    ________ Mr Green _____   ____ in Shanghai?

2、"Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（合并为复合句）

He asked me ____________ the girl ____________ some help．

3、Will Ann come to my birthday party? I don’t know.( 合并为一个句子）

I don’t know ________Ann _______ _______ ________ my birthday party.

4、She asked, “Will you leave a message on the desk？”( 合并为一个句子）

 She asked         she        ___   _________ a message on the desk.

5、Are you going to Mary’s party?  I wanted to know. ( 合并为一个句子）

  I ___________ _________ I  _______  ________ to Mary’s party.

6. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为宾语从句）    

 I want to know _________ the train _________. 

7. When will the plane arrive? I want to know.（将句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句）

  I want to know     ______ the plane __________    ___________.

 8. What is Jim going to do?  I asked （改为宾语从句）

   I asked ___________Jim _________ _________ _______ do.

二．选择填空，从以下ABCD四个选项中，选择一个最好的填在提前括号内。

（     ）1. Have you decided ________ for Australia?    

A. when will you leave    B. when do you leave   

 C. you will leave when      D. when you will leave

（     ）2. Can you tell me _________ ?  

A. where does Tom live      B. where Tom lived  

C. Tom lives where                D. where Tom lives

（     ）3. The old man asked me ________ . 

        A. where was the cinema    B. where is the cinema  

C. where the cinema was       D. where was the way to the cinema

（     ）4. I think _______ you will like him.

A. that   B. if    C. why           D. how

（     ）5. I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.

        A. that   B. whether  C. weather  D. how

（     ）6. I wonder _________ .

        A. how much cost these shoes  B. how much do these shoes cost

C. how much these shoes cost        D. how much are these shoes cost

（     ）7. She asked me ______ .

A. who he was    B. who was he   C. who is he   D. who he is

（     ）8. — I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ______ it will arrive？

— Usually it comes by 4：00.

A、how    B、where   C、when   D、what

三. 完成句子,根据汉语完成下列各句，每空一词。

1.       打扰了，你知道我能在哪买些药吗?

Excuse me, do you know ________ _____ ______ buy some medicine?

2.       请问您能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗？

Could you please tell me ________ _____ ______ _____ the post office?

3.       你能告诉我今晚乐队什么时候开始演奏吗？

Can you tell me______ the band starts ________ this evening?

4. 本想知道购物中心是否有银行。

Ben is wondering _______ _______ a bank in the shopping center.

5. 打扰了，你能告诉我最近的银行在哪吗？

Excuse me, could you please tell me _____ the nearest bank ____?

Keys: 一.1.if,lives  2. if , needed  3.if, would come to  4. if, would leave  5. Wondered if ,

         were going  6. when, leaves  7. When, would arrive  8. What, was going to

 二. 1-8 DDCABCAC

 三. 1. where I can 2. how to get to 3.when, starts 4.if  there’s 5. Where is