Unit 6 The Mind

 

Listening and Speaking

Audio Track 2-6-1

A: Do you usually remember or forget things?

B: I have a bad memory. I sometimes forget people’s birthdays.

A: That’s terrible. I think you should get a diary to help you remember.

 

A: Have you ever been shocked or not able to believe how much someone has changed over time?

B: Sure! My childhood friend was very shy. Now, he is a TV actor. I don’t believe it. He’s changed so much!

 

Audio Track 2-6-2

Manolo: Galina, let’s get some lunch before our next class.

Galina: Okay. Wow, that English test was difficult!

Manolo: I know.

Galina: For me, the hard part is the vocabulary. I just can’t remember it all.

Manolo: Well, there are things you can do ...

 

Audio Track 2-6-3

Galina: Really?

Manolo: Yeah. One thing I do is label things in English.

Galina: What do you mean?

Manolo: For example, I write the word chair on a small piece of paper. Then I put the paper on a chair in my house.

Galina: Hmmm ... Good idea.

Manolo: And here’s another idea: When I learn a word, I also learn related words.

Galina: For example?

Manolo: Well, when I learned the word film, I made a note of a similar word ...

Galina: Movie!

Manolo: Exactly! Then I added related words like actor and movie star , and verbs like rent and see . Here’s another idea ...

 

Audio Track 2-6-4

(Audio Track 2-6-2 + Audio Track 2-6-3)

 

Audio Track 2-6-5/Audio Track 2-6-6

Conversation 1

Woman: Morning, Simon. Wow, you look tired.

Man: Oh, I didn’t sleep very well last night. I had a weird dream. I was in a classroom at school, but I didn’t have any clothes on! No one looked at me, but I was really embarrassed.

Conversation 2

Woman: Jesse, Jesse! Wake up! You’re having a nightmare.

Mala child: Oh, what a terrible dream! I dreamed I was on a dark street. Suddenly, there was a large dog behind me. It ran toward me, but I couldn’t move.

Woman: Don’t worry, Jesse. It was only a dream. Go back to sleep.

Conversation 3

Man1: Morning Tim.

Man2: Morning. Hey, I had an amazing dream last night. I was on a beautiful boat. The sun was warm and the ocean was really blue. I jumped into the water, and I began to swim with the fish. The thing is, I can’t swim! But in the dream, I could. It was pretty cool.

 

Audio Track 2-6-7/Audio Track 2-6-8/Audio Track 2-6-9

I had an amazing dream last night. At first, I was standing outside of a strange big house. The house was painted pink, a very unusual color for a house. It had a lot of big windows, both round and rectangular. The house had large square pillars and twisted columns. I remember thinking that there must be a big living room, several bedrooms, a kitchen, and a guest room in such a big house. I was wondering whose house it was when I suddenly heard a voice saying: “welcome home.” Wow, so this dream house was mine!

I went inside and walked into my living room. It was spacious. There were sofas, a table, a big-screen TV, and a stereo system. It was pretty cool. All of my best friends were there, too. But for some reason they didn’t speak, didn’t smile, and didn’t even move. And then suddenly they all disappeared. I was scared. This dream was turning into a nightmare.

I then went to the kitchen. It was also spacious. There were all kinds of kitchen equipment such as

a gas stove and oven. There were also many electric appliances, such as a refrigerator, a microwave oven, an electric mixer, and a food processor. I liked the food processor the most, those certainly make life much easier. There was also a dining table in the middle of the room. The whole family was sitting around the table, waiting for a meal to be served. The kids were hungry and started to cry. But the gas stove didn’t work and there was no electricity for the microwave oven or the food processor.

I wanted to help so I looked in the fridge but it was empty. I started to despair, what more could I do? That’s when I suddenly woke up.

 

Audio Track 2-6-10/Audio Track 2-6-11

Scientists know that the brain is very active when a person is sleeping. There are five stages, or parts, of sleep. Stage 1 starts after you fall asleep. If there is a noise or a bright light, you wake up very easily. In Stage 2, your brain waves are very slow. In Stage 3 and Stage 4, you are in deep sleep. It’s very difficult to wake up then. Your body rests and grows during these stages.

Stage 5 is when you dream. Your eyes move a lot, and your brain waves are fast. This stage of sleep is very important for your memory. After Stage 5, you wake up a little, and then Stage 1 starts again. We go through the five stages of sleep four or five times every night, so we have many dreams in one night. How much sleep do you need? The answer depends on your age. Babies should sleep fifteen to sixteen hours every day. Children and teenagers need nine or ten hours of sleep, but older people only need six to eight hours. If you sleep for only four hours one night, you may just feel tired the next day. But many nights of bad sleep can be bad for your health. People who don’t get enough sleep get sick more often. And sleep is very important for learning. It’s one reason why students should go to bed early!

 

Audio Track 2-6-12

For centuries, people have asked: Why do we dream? What do our dreams mean? Today, science doesn’t have definite answers to these questions, but we do know some things about dreams. First, we all dream, often four to five times a night. Second, we don’t usually remember most of our dreams. And finally, when we dream, our brains are very active.

Thousands of years ago, people began to study dreams. In many cultures, people believed dreams were messages from spirits or gods. Later, the ancient Greeks and Romans had a new idea: Dreams come from a person’s mind. Doctors studied dreams to help sick or worried people.

 

Audio Track 2-6-13/Audio Track 2-6-14

In the past, some cultures used dreams to predict the future. They thought dreams could help a person choose a husband or wife, guess a baby’s birthday, or start a business. In some places, this practice is still common.

Today, scientists think dreams are about our thoughts and feelings. Our minds send us messages about our lives. Unfortunately, many messages are often strange or confusing. People wake up and think: What did that dream mean?

So, how can you understand the messages in your dreams? Think about the events in the dream. What do they say about your life? For example, one common dream is about flying. Sometimes this dream means you feel free or want freedom. Other times it means you feel afraid. What do your dreams tell you about your life?

 

Audio Track 2-6-15

/t/           /d/       /id/

watched   studied     waited

wished   explained    handed

 

Audio Track 2-6-16

1. I liked the movie.

2. They moved to Tokyo.

3. It started to rain.

4. She reminded me of you

5. Grandma hugged us.

6. We laughed loudly.

7. We enjoyed the visit.

8. Nobody believed us.

9. Dad stopped at a store.

10. We asked directions.

11. They memorized the song.

12. I hated math class.

 

Audio Track 2-6-17

Mia: Come on, Justin. Let’s go. The concert starts in an hour.

Justin: OK, I’m coming.

Mia: Do you have the tickets?

Justin: Yes, they’re here in my jacket. Oh, wait a minute.

Mia: What’s wrong?

Justin: I can’t find the tickets. They’re not in my pocket.

Mia: Oh no! Where are they? Are they in the desk?

Justin: I don’t think so.

Mia: Try to remember. Maybe they’re in your backpack.

Justin: Wait … I found them. They were in my other jacket. Let’s go.

 

Audio Track 2-6-18

A: Are the people at their ten-year college reunion?

B: Definitely, there is a “ten-year reunion” banner in the picture.

A: Are you certain? I didn't notice it.

B: I am certain.

A: Are there six men in the picture?

B: I’m not sure.

A: Is there a bottle on the table?

B: Sure, there IS a bottle on the table.

 

Audio Track 2-6-19

A: What did your dream house look like?

B: My dream house was light blue. I liked the color. The house was huge, and it had a lot of windows. The windows were all open.

A: I think that shows you have a big, outgoing and open personality.

A: What did the living room look like?

B: It was the most spacious room in the house and my grandma was there. She was sitting on a comfortable sofa watching a big-screen TV.

A: I think that means you care about your grandma and you want her to feel comfortable.

 

Audio Track 2-6-20

When I was a small kid I often dreamed that I was a grown-up and that my favorite movie star was in love with me. The weird thing is that I can't remember exactly how we met or what we said to one another.

 

Recently, I had a terrible nightmare. I remember it vividly. A gigantic dinosaur with huge claws was chasing me, and it very nearly caught me. It was unusual because I felt so scared that I screamed and woke up.

 

Video Course

Video Track 2-6-1

Agnes: I have a very good memory when it comes to faces and images and drawings and things like that. I don’t remember numbers very well. I even forget my ATM code sometimes.

Alyssa: I can usually remember people’s names when they tell me. However I can’t remember numbers very well. I need to write down the telephone numbers when people tell them to me.

Daniel: I have a good memory for numbers especially phone numbers. I usually only need to hear it once. I have a bad memory for foreign languages.

Gian: I have a bad memory for names so I try to use a characteristic to remind me. Such as Becky is blonde — Becky blonde. Tom is tall — Tom tall.

Dan: Usually I have a good memory but sometimes I have problems remembering names. Sometimes I have to say to people “Hey Bro. Hey Sis.”

 

Video Track 2-6-2

Gian: I have a bad memory for names so I try to use a characteristic to remind me. Such as Becky is blonde — Becky blonde. Tom is tall — Tom tall.

Dan: Usually I have a good memory but sometimes I have problems remembering names. Sometimes I have to say to people “Hey Bro. Hey Sis.”

 

Video Track 2-6-3

Dave: When I was a small kid I had a dream that I swam to Europe and bought cheese and swam back home. The cheese tasted great.

Malinda: Last night I had a nightmare that I was lost in the forest and I forgot where I was and when I woke up I was very afraid and I ran out of my room.

Alyssa: Last night I had a dream about a friend who’s living very far away from me. When I woke up I felt sad because I miss her.

Woo Sung: After I saw Jurassic Park I had a dream that dinosaurs were chasing me and it was really scary.

Dan: I had a strange dream where a bird ate me. It was really weird.

 

Video Track 2-6-4

Alyssa: Last night I had a dream about a friend who’s living very far away from me. When I woke up I felt sad because I miss her.

 

Video Track 2-6-5

Claudia: Hi!

Roberto: Hi.

Claudia: What’s the matter?

Roberto: I had a really strange dream last night.

Claudia: Really? Do you remember it?

Roberto: I think so … maybe … I don’t know. But it was really weird.

Claudia: Come on! Try.

Roberto: Well I remember … in my dream it was daytime, and I was in my pajamas … and I saw a man in the street. I stopped and asked him where to buy a ticket.

Claudia: A ticket? A ticket for what?

Roberto: I don’t know!

Claudia: And then what happened?

Roberto: I’m not sure … but I remember that I began talking to him, and I really enjoyed it. We laughed a lot. He reminded me of someone …

Claudia: Yeah, and then?

Roberto: … and then he hugged me! And it was Mike!

Claudia: No! Really? Do you remember anything else?

Roberto: No, but something else happened. I’m sure of it.

Claudia: Oh, think!

Roberto: I got it! We talked some more … and then … he shook my hand … and then … he began to dance … like this!

Claudia: Oh, like a ballet dancer?

Roberto: Yeah. And then … I woke up.

Claudia: This is so scary …

Roberto: Why? What are those?

Claudia: They were a surprise. I got us two tickets to a show tonight … the New York City Ballet.

 

Video Track 2-6-6

Claudia: Hi!

Roberto: Hi.

Claudia: What’s the matter?

Roberto: I had a really strange dream last night.

Claudia: Really? Do you remember it?

Roberto: I think so … maybe … I don’t know. But it was really weird.

Claudia: Come on! Try.

Roberto: Well I remember … in my dream it was daytime, and I was in my pajamas … and I saw a man in the street. I stopped and asked him where to buy a ticket.

 

Video Track 2-6-7

Claudia: And then what happened?

Roberto: I’m not sure … but I remember that I began talking to him, and I really enjoyed it. We laughed a lot. He reminded me of someone …

Claudia: Yeah, and then?

Roberto: … and then he hugged me! And it was Mike!

Claudia: No! Really? Do you remember anything else?

Roberto: No, but something else happened. I’m sure of it.

Claudia: Oh, think!

 

Video Track 2-6-8

Roberto: I got it! We talked some more … and then … he shook my hand … and then … he began to dance … like this!

Claudia: Oh, like a ballet dancer?

Roberto: Yeah. And then … I woke up.

Claudia: This is so scary …

Roberto: Why? What are those?

Claudia: They were a surprise. I got us two tickets to a show tonight … the New York City Ballet.