一、副词

定 义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

二、英语副词的分类

(1) 时间副词：常见的有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, still, already, just等。如：

An idea suddenly struck me.我心中忽然产生一个念头。

(2) 地点副词：常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs等。如：

I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。

(3) 方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等。如：

Look at the picture carefully.仔细看这幅画(from www.yygrammar)。

(4) 频度副词：常见的有always, usually, often, frequently, constantly, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never等。

Sometimes he gets up early.他有时起得早。  

(5) 程度副词：常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。如：

The film was quite good.这个电影不错。

(6) 焦点副词：就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词，常见的有：only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, too, as well等。如

Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案(from www.yygrammar)。

(7) 连接副词：这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等，也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等。如：

I don’t want to go out now, and besides, I must work.我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。

(8) 关系副词：就是引导定语从句的when, where, why等。如：

This is the factory where his father works.这就是他父亲工作的那家工厂。

(9) 疑问副词：就是用于引出特殊疑问句的when, where, why, how等。如：

When will he be back?他什么时候回来？ 

1). 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：

Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样？

2). 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：

Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵？

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Why not ask the teacher? / Why don’t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢？

【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didn’t you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)

(10) 句子副词：就是修饰整个句子，表达说话人的观点态度的副词，常见的有frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidently, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。如：

Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.说实在的，我对你的工作不满意。 

 句子副词在句中的位置

句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：

Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。

I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。

但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：

He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。

有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：

Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)

He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)

Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)

He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)