1.
New words
1) Ice age
a) a time in the past when the
temperature was very cold and glaciers (= large masses of ice)
spread over large parts of the Earth 冰河时期
2) Unaccustomed
a) not familiar with; not
accustomed
b) The weather presented a particular
challenge, especially for American servicemen unaccustomed
to subarctic [sʌb'ɑ:ktik] conditions
3) Pack ice浮冰块，积冰
a) a large mass of ice floating in the
sea that has been formed by smaller pieces of ice being forced
together
4) Famine
5) when there is not enough food for a
great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular
period when this happens
6) Abruptly əˈbrʌpt
a) describes something that is sudden and
unexpected, and often unpleasant an abrupt
change/movement
b) Our conversation came to an abrupt
end when George burst into the room.
7)
Seesaw
a)
a long board that children
play on. The board is balanced on a central point so that when a
child sits on each end they can make the board go up and down by
pushing off the ground with their feet.
8)
Easterly
9)
in or towards the east, or
blowing from the east
a) They were traveling in an easterly
direction.
b) The town is in the most easterly part
of the country.
c)
easterly wind
：a wind that blows from the east
10) Body
a)
a large amount of
something
b)
There is a growing
body of evidence to support their claim.
c)
She collected a huge body
of information on the subject.
d) A substantial body of opinion
(= A large group of people with the same opinion) is opposed to any
change.
11)
Largely
a) Almost completely
12) Expedition ekspi'diʃən]
a) an organized journey for a particular
purpose
b) We're going on a shopping
expedition on Saturday.
13)
Explore
a) Search and discover
14)
Exploit
a) to use something for
advantage
b) We need to make sure that we exploit
our resources as fully as possible.
15)
Amplify
a) to make something louder
i.
amplified
music/guitar
b) formal to increase
the size or effect of something
c)
amplify the scope of discussion
16) Together
a) with each other.
b) We worked together on a project a
couple of years back.
17) Altogether
ˌɔːl.təˈgeð.ər
a) completely or in total
b) That'll be £52.50 altogether,
please.
c) It's all right working with him, but
living with him would be a different matter altogether.
18)
Decidedly
a) certainly and obviously
i.
He was decidedly careful
about what he told me.
ii. An
agreement is looking decidedly difficult according to the
newspapers
19)
Perish
a)
to die, especially in an
accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed
b)
Three hundred people
perished in the earthquake.
20)
fraught with
a)
full of unpleasant things
such as problems or dangers
b) The negotiations have been fraught
with difficulties/problems right from the start.
c) From beginning to end, the airlift was
fraught with risks.
21)
Peril ˈper.əl
a) great danger, or something that is
very dangerous
b) I never felt that my life was
in peril.
c) The journey through the mountains was
fraught with peril (= full of dangers).
22)
Accumulate
a)
to collect a large number
of things over a long period of time
b) As people accumulate more wealth, they
tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.
23)
Culminate
ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt
culminate
in/with sth
a)
If an event or series of
events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed
until it reaches this point
b)
My arguments with the boss
got worse and worse, and it all culminated in my deciding to
change jobs.
c)
Their many years of
research have finally culminated in a cure for the
disease.
d)
culmination
noun
/ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
n [U]
e)
Winning first prize was
the culmination of years of practice and hard
work.
24)
Stable
a)
firmly fixed or not likely
to move or change
b)
If the foundations of the
house aren't stable, collapse is possible
25)
Staple
a)
Noun. a main product or
part of something
i.
Shortages mean that even
staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to
find.
b) Adj. basic or main; standard or
regular
i.
The staple diet
here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes.
ii.
Prices of staple
foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been
increasing.
26)
Vital
a)
necessary for the success
or continued existence of something; extremely important
b) She had found out some information of
vital importance.
c)
The kidney plays a vital
role/part in the removal of waste products from the
blood.
27)
Commodity kəˈmɒd.ə.ti
a)
a substance or product
that can be traded, bought or sold
b)
The country's most
valuable commodities include tin and diamonds.
c） the international commodities
market
28) at a time of
a) But at a time of great challenges and
disturbing disunity, nothing will be gained by spending our time
and energy laying blame for the past.
b) 但是在这个面临巨大挑战和令人不安的离心倾向的时刻，在指责过去上花费我们的时间和精力，一点用也没有
29) Fodder food that is given to cows,
horses and other farm animalsplight
30) Blight
a)
a disease that damages and
kills plants
b)
• something which spoils
or has a very bad effect on something, often for a long
time
c)
His arrival cast a blight
on the wedding day
31)
Trigger
a)
Noun an event or situation,
etc. that causes something bad to start
i.
There are fears that the
incident may be a trigger for further violence in the
capital
b)
to cause something bad to
start
i.
Some people find that
certain foods trigger their headaches
32)
Prolong
a)
to make something last a
longer time
b)
We were having such a good
time that we decided to prolong our stay by another
week.
33)
Regime
reɪˈʒiːm
a)
a particular government or
a system or method of government
i.
The old corrupt,
totalitarian regime was overthrown.
b) a particular way of operating or
organizing a business, etc
i.
The regime in this office
is hard work and more hard work
34)
Fossil fuel
a)
fuels such as gas, coal
and oil, which were formed underground from plant and animal
remains millions of years ago
三种题型。
HEADING
FILL GAP
MATCHING
做题时可以按顺序做。
做heading时，对于已给出答案的段落，也得把首尾句看一下，方便锁定其他题目。
FILL GAP 的标题没关键信息。那就看段落内容的第一句：
Documentation of past weather conditions is
limited:
注意下：
（1）summary
是对某几段甚至有时是几乎全文的概述，大部分情况下是顺序的，但有时是乱序的。所以不能按一贯思路顺着找。要根据前面做heading时找出的每段的主旨来判断。
（2）该
FILL GAP是从列出的选项里选择。这些选项可能与文中的词一样，也可以是同义词。
（3）从文章的逻辑上及词性上也可以帮助确定选项。
最后MATCHING题，涉及到三个方面：A
Medieval Warm Period; Little Ice Age; Modern Warm Period.
在做heading时
注意这些问题。
I
Predicting climatic changes （预测）
Ii Therelevance of
the Little Ice Age today（与今天的相关性）
Iii Howcities
contribute to climatic change （城市）
Iv Human impact on the
climate （人对气候的影响）
V How past climatic
conditions can bedetermined （C）
Vi Agrowing need
for weather records （增长的需求）
Vii A study
covering a thousand years（覆盖了一千年的研究）
Viii People have always
responded to climate change (A段)
Ix
Enough food at last（最终食物足够）
底下划线的词汇是标题里的关键信息。用来判断段落heading的重要依据。
B 段：只有Ii
The
relevance of the Little Ice Age today（与今天的相关性）
在段落中提到过：The
climate events of the Little Ice Age did more than shape the modern
world.
其他信息在list of
headings 中没有发现。
D段： This book
is a narrative history of climatic shifts during thepast ten
centuries.
Vii A study
covering a thousand years（覆盖了一千年的研究）
E 段：最后一句：The
increased productivity from farmland made some countries
self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective
protection against famine.
Ix
Enough food at last（最终食物足够）
F 段：The
unprecdented land clearance releases vast quantities of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the firdt time humanly
caused gloal warming….
Iv Human impact on the
climate （人对气候的影响）
Documentation of past weather conditions is
limited段落C：:
our main sources
Of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are B
tree rings and
C ice cores.
We
can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of
A climatic shifts(通过不是持续冰冻，推断前面是气候变换)
rather than of consistent freezing(B段) . Within
it there were
Some periods of very cold winters, others of H
storms and heavy rain,
And yet others that saw G heat waves with no rain
at all (通过无雨推断G热浪
The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and
easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and
early summer rains, mild winters , and frequent Atlantic
storms , or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly
winds, and summer heat waves.
从
Medieval Warm Period
D
roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse Voyagers
from
Northern Europe explored northern seas,
settled Greenland, and
visited North America.
25 European discovered other lands
E 段 little ice age
By 1400, changes in water temperatures forced fishing
fleets to work further offshore
26 Changes took place in fishing patterns. B
F段：
Modern Period
There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry
farmers to North
America
Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before
the newcomers’
axes.
The land clearance released vast quantities of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere
, triggering global warming.
23 Many Europeans started farming
abroad.
C
24
The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.
C
2.4. Difficult
sentences
There was a vast migration from Europe by
land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the
Irish potato blight contributed, to North America,
Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa.
这个句子比较复杂，先看主要成分：渴望土地的农民及其他人从欧洲迁移到北美等。
这些人迁移的原因：to
which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight
contributed
爱尔兰土豆疫病引起的饥荒
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