1.    New words

1)        Enterprising

a)         good at thinking of and doing new and difficult things, especially things that will make money 有开创能力的，富于创业精神的，有进取心的，有魄力的

b)        The business was started by a couple of enterprising young women.

2)        Parch

a)         to dry something out because of too much heat and not enough rain: The fierce sun parched the soil.

b)        The most parched desert

3)        Scorpion

a)         a small creature similar to an insect which lives in hot dry areas of the world and has a long body and a curved tail with a poisonous sting 蝎

4)        Crustacean

a)         any of various types of animal that live in water and have a hard outer shell甲壳纲动物

5)        Woodlice

a)          木虱；潮虫（woodlouse的复数是woodlice）

6)        Land crabs

7)        Millipede

a)         a small creature with a long cylindrical body consisting of many parts, each part having two pairs of legs 马陆，千足虫

8)        Centipede  蜈蚣

9)        worm蠕虫

10)     A good number of : a lot of

11)     Thoroughgoing

a)         complete, detailed, careful 彻底的，完全的；仔细的

b)        a thoroughgoing conservative.  一个不折不扣的保守派。

12)     Re-tooling 改组

13)     manatee   ['mænətiː] n. 海牛

14)     Cousin

a)         a child of a person‘s aunt or uncle, or, more generally, a distant (= not close) relation 堂（或表）兄弟；堂（或表）姐妹；远房亲戚

15)     Niece  nephew

16)     Incarnation

a)         example, in human form, of a particular characteristic or type of behaviour （特定特征或行为类型的）化身

b)        He was the incarnation of evil (= was extremely evil). 他是邪恶的化身。

c)         She's the incarnation of everything I hate about politics. 她是我所痛恨的一切丑陋的政治事物的化身。

17)     Reptilian A reptilian creature is a reptile

18)     Leave us in no doubt让我们毫无疑问

19)     Feel torn 受煎熬；

20)     in common with sb/sth

a)         in the same way as someone or something:

b)         In common with many mothers, she feels torn between her family and her work.

21)     primeval

a)         ancient; existing at or from a very early time 原始的；早期的

b)        The railway cuts through a primeval forest.  铁路穿越原始森林

 2.    Questions

三种题型。选择，T/F/NG, FILL GAP. 都是顺序的。所以不妨顺着做，但是得先读下另外两个类型的第一句，以便看在做第一种题型的同时，能锁定后面两种题型的起点。

看下 T/F/NG的第一句：

Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea. 龟是第一批返回海里的动物之一。

FILL GAP 第一句：

Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come from

判断龟的祖先来自于哪里的方法

然后在在Choose的时候，能够带着看看锁定位置。

2.1.          Choose no more than two words(27-30).

27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?

第一段快结束的时候：And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.

Answer: plants

28 Which two processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?

第二段开头：

Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction.

Answer: breathing  reproduction

(我们看到紧接的句子说有些动物又返回海洋，这可以和T/F/NG的第一个问题关联下)

29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

第二段：They do, however still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.

Answer: gills

30 Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?

第三段Ichthyosaurs 开始涉及到鉴定动物祖先来源方法

Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water.

Answer: dolphins

2.2.          FILL GAP (34-39)

根据前面的分析，从第三段结束，第四段开始，查找。

No more than two words and/or a number

Step1:

71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of three measurements were taken from the bones of their forelimbs.

第五段：obtained three measurements in these partitular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one.

Step 2:

The data was recorded on a triangular graph (necessary for comparing the information).

NB: 注意 这里很有可能错选paper. 确定下是graph是括号里的解释，比较信息所必需。那就是图表。用图表来比较信息。

Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense cluster  of points towards the top.

Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.

All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of thee triangle.

Step 3:

The same data was collected from some living amphibious species and added to the other results.

Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about half way up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.

There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises.

Step4:

Bones of P.quenstedti and P.talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.

Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were dry-land tortoises.  

Their points on the graph are right in the thick of dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises.

2.3.          T/F/NG(31-33)

31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.

在第二段，没看到陈述。 NG

32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete. FALSE

在第三段：You might wonder how we can tell whether whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially only fragments are found. Sometimes it is obvious.

33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.

 同一段：The fossils look like dolphins, in the water.

Answer: TRUE 

40 According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that..

最后一段，

Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return.

Answer: D