英语简单句五种基本句型

掌握五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础

基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ             （主＋谓）

 基本句型二：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ      （主＋谓/系＋表）

 基本句型三：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ      （主＋谓＋宾）

 基本句型四: Ｓ +Ｖ +InO +DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

 基本句型五: Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

 

基本句型  一

Ｓ(subject) +V(verb)（主＋谓）

 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

   The sun rises.   Tom has already left.

 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语

如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.

2. So they had to travel by air or boat.

3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.

4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.

5. He came back when we were eating.

6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.

基本句型  二

Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

 特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。

  系动词可分四类：

  1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；

  2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等

  3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等

  4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等

1.Our English teacher is thirty years old.

2. The cake tastes delicious.

3. We feel used to living in big cities.

4. The potatoes went bad in the fields.

5. Their boss seems satisfied with the work.

6. Deep water stays still.

基本句型  三

Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）

  特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

1. Tom made a hole in the wall.

2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.

3. They haven’t decided where to go next.

4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

5. It took them ten years to build the dam.

6. Mother promises to give me a present.

 

基本句型  四

  Ｓ +Ｖ +InO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：

   He brings me cookies every day.

但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：

   He brings cookies to me every day.

   She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；

（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

基本句型  五

Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：    

The sun keeps us warm.     

I heard him singing.

You must get your hair cut. 

They made Tom monitor.

He used to do his homework with his radio on.

 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：

I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

英语基本句型6    There be 句型   

  说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。

   此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：

 There stands a hill in the middle of the park.

 Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

    现在有   there is/are …      

    过去有   there was/were…   

    将来有   there will be…；there is /are going to be...

    现在已经有  there has/have been…          

    可能有  there might be...

    肯定有  there must be …/there must have been...  

    过去曾经有  there used to be …

    似乎有  there seems/seem/seemed to be …        

碰巧有  there happen/happens/happened to be …

• 1. Plants need water.

   2. The flower is so fresh.

   3. They work hard.

   4. He gives me some seeds.

• 5. We should keep the plants in the shade.

   6. Many animals live in trees.

   7. Please tell us a story.

8. She smiled.

9. I have a lot work to do.

10. His job is to train swimmers.

11. He noticed a man enter the room.

12. Please look at the picture.

能力提升（简单句在写作中的运用）

一、按要求扩写下面的简单句(可以有不同的答案)

 1.The boy is playing.

1）. （加宾语）_________________________________________________

2）.（加状语 ）_________________________________________________

3）.（给主语加定语）_____________________________________________

 4）.（给宾语加定语）________________________________________________

2.Tom was watching TV.

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二、请用括号中所给的提示词，把两句话连接成一句

1．He was tired. He went to bed.(so)

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2．The child hid behind his mother’s skirt. He was afraid of the dog.(for)

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3．He brushed his teeth. He went to bed.

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4．Tom is lazy. Tom’s sister works hard.(but)

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5．Feathers fall slowly. Stones fall much faster.(while)

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6．You can leave. You have finished your homework.(when)

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7．Jack is an engineer. Jack’s brother teaches physics.(whose)

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8．The book is still in the place. You put the book in the place.(where)

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 9．We didn’t have supper. He came back.(until)

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 10．Anna speaks French. Anna writes her reports in French.(not only...but also)

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三、综合运用：

 

请根据以下内容要点写一篇关于短文：

   我的爸爸是位退休教师。现在他和我们住在一起。我家屋前有一座花园，他在花园里种了各种各样的花。花儿使我们家变得更加漂亮。爸爸给我们带来了更多快乐。

【写作要求】

1.使用提供的句子表达全部内容；

2. 必须分别用到简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Homework:

语篇辨别：以下是一篇高考题的范文，请指出文中标出的各个句子属于哪种句型。

    ① You've let me know about your beautiful city.②Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.

③ The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River.④It is a beautiful place for people to live in.⑤Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.⑥New factories, houses and roads have been built. ⑦More schools and hospitals are available for its people. .However, ⑧there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.⑨In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll gave a better hometown in future.

①____________________________________

②____________________________________

③____________________________________

④____________________________________

⑤____________________________________

⑥____________________________________

⑦____________________________________

⑧____________________________________

⑨____________________________________