阅读理解七选五专题指导

一、感悟真题

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）

    根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

 

No.1 (2015新课标Ⅰ)

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36  .Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37  . It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

●38   Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●39   If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll

have our trust tested or violated.

●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40  . Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

No.2 (2015新课标Ⅱ)

      Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.  36  , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.    37   . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

       During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.  38  , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39  . After two weeks, start timing yourself.  40   . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

 A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

No.3 (2014新课标Ⅰ)

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.     36   By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious.     37   Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

2. Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.   38   There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3. Personal skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.   39   “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”

4. Self exprfeelssion

  40   there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas – music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. 

        A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

         B. And we can't forget science education.

         C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

        D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?

        E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

         F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

        G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

No.4 (2014新课标Ⅱ)

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time.    36   Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?   37  

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread?   38    It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3.   39    This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start.   40    And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

 

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

参考答案：No.1 36----40 BGACE   No.2 36----40 CEADG   No.3 36----40 DACFG   No.4 36----40 BGCAF

二、试题解读

1．试题要求：要求考生根据短文内容，从短文后的选项（7个）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（5个）。选项中有两项为多余选项。

2. 考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。是对考生的语言能力（词汇和语法）、阅读理解能力以及逻辑思维能力的综合测试。

3. 短文特点：① 所选短文长约300词，主要为说明文。

② 结构清晰，层次分明，一般为总——分（主题句→解释），例如2015

新课标Ⅰ，或总——分——总（主题句→解释→总结），例如2014新课标Ⅱ。

③ 文章多半有大标题、小标题、主题句，或有表示列举或顺序的词(如first, second, next, then, finally等)；主题句中常含有tips, suggestions, steps, ways, methods, skills等词。

④ 观点、解释、结论均符合一定逻辑，条理清楚，没有歧义，便于理解。

4.设空位置：首选段中，其次段首，再次短尾。

5.选项特点： 所给选项一般为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类，其中以注释性句子为主。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上下文脱节不符等。主旨概括句考查形式有文章的标题、段落小标题、段落主题句；过渡性句子为衔接类型的句子；注释性句子是体现上下文逻辑意义的句子。

 

6.能力要求： 要求考生有一定词汇量（特别是要熟悉基本构词法），有一定的阅读速度，能运用语法知识分析理解长难句，能对短文章的具体细节、主旨要义及写作意图有所了解，能把握文章的结构和层次，能理解句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系，能意识到一致性、连贯性等语段特征。

 

三、解题步骤

步骤一：了解大意，分析结构。

查看标题（如有的话），浏览开头自然段特别关注此段中的主题句，留意小标题（一般3个左右），不忘短文尾段总结（如有的话），了解大意和框架结构。用时不会多。

步骤二：边读短文，边定选项。

边逐句逐段细读分析，边浏览所给选项，根据作者所要表达的意思和上下文的行文逻辑，利用关键词和衔接标识词等基本技巧，把明显的容易的先定下来（不一定非要按题号顺序），然后利用已填选项，敲定完成所剩题目。时间主要用于此步。

步骤三：代入答案，核查逻辑。

将所选选项放在空白处，看看补足后的短文是否意思通顺，前后连贯。如难度不大，做得很顺，把握十足，此步可免；如时间很紧，此步亦可免。

概括起来说一句话，主旨结构把握好，读懂选项也重要，关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少。

 

四、答题技巧

做阅读理解七选五时需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下，准确把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系。尤其要注重把握微观信息间的关联性即设题部位前后句的逻辑关系，根据上下文提供的线索进行判断，然后做出正确判断。常用解题技巧如下：

1. 观察设空位置明确方向。

位于段首，一般选可做小标题或主题句的选项；位于段中，一般选是注释性句子的选项；位于段尾，一般选为概况总结性句子或顺承前文的选项。

（1）段首  When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of.

A. It is very important for us to know why we should get used to good habits.

B. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.

C. Whether good or not habits are, they are easy to get rid of.

概括文段：认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，倒推断出主题句，故而选B。

（2）Not all past predictions have been proved wrong. 段中  Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card, the fax machine and even the Internet ---years before they happened.

A. Predictions of the future are really shocking.

B. A few of them have been surprisingly accurate.

C. It hasn’t appear yet.

承上启下：根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案为B。

（3）Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools. 段尾  

A. So it seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.

B. Skills and knowledge means competition.

C. Skills and knowledge doesn’t mean all.

总结顺承：注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结、顺承等方面的词语，如in short, in summary, in a word, in general, in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, on the whole, as a result, thus, hence, therefore等词语；选项中也可能发现前文的同义词句，故选B。

 

2. 注意代词的指代作用及冠词的特指用法。

① Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to trusted adult, such as parents or other relatives._______They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don’t forget about your friends.

 ② _______ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. Always love yourself.

A. Thinking is a skill.

B. Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind.

C. Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened.

③ Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans. _______ New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic.

A. It was the Mississippi that made the city what it is.
B. Levees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood waters.
C. Therefore, as we know, it’s the third longest river in the world.

 

3. 关注词汇复现。

词汇复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现的词可能是同词（同源词）、同（近）义词、反义词。

（1）同词复现

① …During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. ______ My first reaction was to answer defensively. …

B. Restate the question with respect.

C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.

D. There were many difficult questions.

② ______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.

A. Always love yourself.

B. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself.

C. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it .

（2）反义词复现

There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. ______ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage…. 

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

(3)同义复现: 用不同的词但表达相同的意思。即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。

① Riding a London subway, a person from China will notice one major difference: in London, commuters (乘车上下班的人) don’t look at each other. ______ That is not rudeness----people are just too busy to bother looking.

A. Modern Londoner are fancy victims.

D. In fact, eye contact is avoided at all the time.

② Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ________

A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.

B. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.

C. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.

 

4. 观察语言结构

（1）标题：短小精悍、简洁、概括全文、大写。

                                         ___________

Universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students. There are currently over 200,000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese students. There are currently 50,000 in the UK.

A. Universities in the UK

B. It is very simple to become an international student in the UK

C. Scholarships in Universities

（2）小标题：一致性：祈使句、名词短语、介词短语等。

Teaching your kids to love nature

① There are many things that parents and teachers can do to help children develop love for nature.

Start young

If you love nature yourself, it is very easy to…

_________

A great way to help children connect them with nature is to get them to help in the garden. This will bring them touch …

    Take them into the wild

    Make trips to the wild with your children regularly…

A. Let them help in the garden

B. As they grow older, teach children to value nature.

C. Make trips to the wild with your children regularly.

② Three Apples changed the world. The first one seduced Eve. The second one awakened Newton. The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs. 1 ______  

on character

I’m the only person I know that’s lost a quarter of a billion dollars…

on good design

That’s been one on my mottoes--- focus and simplicity. Simple…

2______

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work…

A. It’s very character-building.

B. Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share.

C. On your working life

D. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. 

 

5. 利用逻辑关系

（1）并列关系：and, both ... and, as well (as), not only...but also..., neither...nor..., not...but...,either...or...等。

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.     75      Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

B. Do things together.        

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.         

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

（2）递进关系：besides, also, in addition (to), what’s more, what’s worse/worse still, more/most importantly等。

It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. ____ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.

A. Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite.

B. Yet this is all too often seen.

C. The public should obey the rules.

（3）因果关系：because, since, as, for, so, therefore, thus, as a result (of) 等。

① It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.    74   . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

②…_________ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together. They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents….

A. So a number of parents began home-schooling.

B. Home–schooling is not accepted by all the people.

C. Parents choose home–schooling for several reasons.

D. Most often, their parents are their teachers.

（4）转折关系：however, but, (al)though, yet, despite, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, while, rather than, even if/though, (un)fortunately 等。

①Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing.   71     Read on for some techniques worth trying.

D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

②Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have. _________ Ideas about social class – whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.

A. Nowadays, a great deal has changed.

B. As a result, differences in life – styles and attitudes came into existence.

C. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned.

（5）时间关系：first(ly), second(ly), third(ly); in the first place, in the second place..., finally; first, next, then …; to begin with等。

① Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. ______ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers…. (2008 宁夏.海南卷）

A. Use words, not complete sentences.

B. You must write your notes on separate paper.

C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and

remember.

D. There are three practical note-taking methods.

② Psychologists think there may be many reasons why violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies. Firstly, players are actively involved in violence, and may begin to use weapons as second nature. _______

A. Children are most likely to become addicted to violent videogames.

B. At least 12 murders since 1997 have been linked to an addiction with violent video games.

C. Secondly, violent games provide repetitive aggressive experiences that are rewarded by more killing.

 

五、例析步骤和技巧

以2015新课标Ⅰ为例，解析如何应对七选五。

1.  先快速浏览后可知短文框架如下：

标题：Building Trust in a Relationship Again

主题句：...we have some steps you can take to get you there.

解释steps: ●38  ; ●39  ; ●You didn’t lose “everything”.

2.  再根据设空的上下句，观察选项，运用逻辑和技巧，做出选择。

36：空设在段中，可知应选注释性句子的选项；根据上句“Trust is....”和下句“Trust is....”，结合选项可知选B，代词it指代上句中的名词Trust。

37：空设在段中，可知应选注释性句子的选项；根据上句“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. ” 和下句“It’s understandable, but....”，结合选项可知选G，因为G顺承说明原因且They代替前句中的people；下句中的It又指代G句，意思通顺流畅。

38：空设在段首，可知应选可做小标题或主题句的选项；根据下句的说明，可倒推得知选A,且Having confidence in yourself就是trust yourself的复现。

39：空设在段首，可知应选可做小标题或主题句的选项；根据下文的说明，可倒推得知选C,且下文多次复现victim。

40：空设在段中，可知应选注释性句子的选项；根据上句中的关键词“thankful和good”可知选E,对前句进一步解释，且有positive复现；和下句“Instead, it’s a....”，构成完整整体，代词it指代E。

    特别提醒：熟悉英语基本构词法，不然的话，就会有很多词不认识（因为这些词不在3500词汇之列）。如：wrongdoer、well-being、betrayal、mislead、understandable、 mentality、forgiveness。

 

六、指点迷津

七选五难度高于选择题，所以要做好七选五试题，首先要求考生有较强的阅读理解能力，故而考前除多阅读说明文外，还应多读些议论文，记叙文，积累知识，增强语感。其次还要求考生平时阅读时要注意分析观察文章的结构。只要恰当运用做题技巧，做些各种题材和体裁的七选五，无论命题人如何出题，都可以见招拆招，轻松驾驭。适当多做些七选五不仅能应对高考，还能顺便提高英语写作能力。

 

七、学以致用

2013新课标卷Ⅰ

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a profit(利润)--that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.   71   Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.  72 

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.          73   One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.  74   The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority.  75  

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. 

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

 

 

 

2013新课标Ⅱ

Public Speaking Training

●Get a coach

           51    , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.

●Focus on positives

        Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.   52    , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.

●   53  

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.   54    . As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.

● You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits.   55    . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you’re not.

A. You aren’t like anybody else

B. You already do lots of things well

C. Turn your back on too many rules

D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

2012年新课标卷

Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed from time to time.   71    Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to

 trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives.   72    They might have had similar

 problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

    (2) Don’t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it

out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s not a good idea. Remember that there are always

people to help you. Don’t take it out on yourself.  73   

    (3) Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and

  friends, it’s time to get down to business.   74    Even if you can’t solve it all, you can

 solve a piece of it.

(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially

   when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.

These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.  75   

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them.

C. Different people feel stress in different ways

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don’t forget about your friends.

G. Then, find a way to calm down。

2011年新课标卷

Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money.   71   So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收银员）.    72   When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honesty.   73   If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3.  74 

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product—a name-brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.  75   If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decision.

B. The value of money.

C. Permit the child to choose between.

D. Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.

F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

参考答案：

2013新课标卷Ⅰ 71----75 DCGEA     2013新课标Ⅱ   51----55EBCGA

2012年新课标卷 71----75 CFAED      2011年新课标卷 71----75GFDAC