第五十九课

 

一．生词和短语精讲与拓展

 

(一)  press verb 按，压，挤，推，施加压力

例句：The little girl pressed her nose against the window.

press for sth. 不断要求

例句：People pressed for some changes in policies.

press sth. on sb. 勉强某人接受；促使某人吃或喝

例句：The salesmen pressed alcoholic drinks on the young man.

press conference 新闻发布会；记者招待会

pressing adj. 1. 紧急的；急迫的 [SYN urgent] I have some pressing business to do.

           2. 难以推却的；不容忽视的 a pressing invitation 难以推却的邀请

pressure n. 压力；压强；大气压；心理压力；紧张 blood pressure 血压

 

（二）expert n. expert at / in / on sth.; expert at / in / on doing sth. 专家，行家，能手

       例句：We should become experts in getting our own way. 我们应该成为达到自己目的的行家。

       expertise n. [U] expertise in sth. / in doing sth./to do sth. 专门知识；专门技能；专长

       例句：She has the expertise to help you with your study. 她拥有帮助你学习的专门知识。

 

（三）develop verb

1.       成长，发展，壮大 The country has developed greatly. 这个国家已有了很大发展。

2.       vt. 开发；研制 The company has developed a new software.公司已经开发了一个新软件。

3.       养成 The boy has developed a bad habit.这个男孩养成了一个坏习惯。

development n. 发展，开发，成长，壮大，发育

developing adj. 发展中的 the developing countries 发展中国家

developed adj. （国家、社会等）发达的；高度发展的；先进的，成熟的 the developed countries 发达国家；the developed problem-solving skills 熟练解决问题的技能

developer n. (房地产) 开发商，开发公司；（新产品的）开发者，研制者；

development area 开发区

 

(四) habit n.

1.       [C] 习惯

You should change your eating habit. 你应该改变你的饮食习惯。

good/bad habits 良好习惯；恶习

I am not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment. 我不习惯让陌生人进我的公寓。

I should break the habit of staying up so late. 我应该改掉熬夜的习惯。

       2. [U] 惯常行为；习性 I just did it out of habit.我只是出于习惯这么做。

       habit-forming adj. 使成习惯的，使上瘾的

       habitual adj. (仅用于名词前) 惯常的，典型的

They waited for his habitual response. 他们等待他的一贯反应。

habitually adv.

 

(五) remove verb ( vt.) remove sth./sb. from sth./sb. 移开；拿开，去掉；从…机构开除

He removed his hand from her shoulder. 他把手从她肩上拿开。

Illegally parked cars will be removed. 非法停放的车辆将被拖走。

Two employees were removed from the company for stealing something. 有两名员工因偷窃被公司开除。

removal n.

1.       [U] removal of sth/sb 移动；调动；去除

2.       [U] removal of sth. 除去；消除；清除

3.       [U] removal of sb. 免职；解职 [SYN dismissal]

removable adj. [通常用于名词前]可去除的；可取出的

 

二．课文精讲

 

1. Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. 我们家的狗，雷克斯，过去经常坐在我家前门外面叫。

    本句为简单句，Rex是our dog的同位语，used to do 表示过去常常做某事情，outside 在本句为介词，在…外边。

    be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于…

    used to do sth. 过去常常做…

    be used as 用作…

    be used to do sth. 用于做…

 

2. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. 每次它想进入花园，就会叫，直到有人打开大门。

  Every time 在此相当于连词，“每当”，“每次”，引导时间状语从句；until someone opened the gate也是时间状语从句。

 

3. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. 由于邻居们抱怨狗的叫声，于是，我丈夫用了几周的时间训练它把脚爪按在门闩上把自己放进来。

    本句是复合句，as 引导原因状语从句，在从句中，complain of /about …抱怨…，主句中 spend + 时间+ doing sth. 意为“花…时间做…”, to let himself in为动词不定式短语作目的状语。

 

4. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. 雷克斯很快成为开门的专家。

    be expert at sth./doing sth. 类似的表达有 be good at, be proficient in, excel at/in 等都可表示“擅长”。

 

5. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. 然而，上周我正要出去买东西的时候，注意到它在花园里面靠近大门的地方。

    本句包含一个when 引导的时间状语从句；notice 为无意中注意到，与pay attention to不同，pay attention to是有意识注意；in the garden near the gate 是him的宾语补足语。

 

6. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! 这次它叫的目的是希望有人把它放出去。

    本句包含so that引导的目的状语从句；有关目的状语从句的知识见语法精讲。

 

7. Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 自那时起，它养成了又一个坏习惯。

    现在完成时的句子；another 表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个或又一个”。to develop a good/bad habit 养成良好/不良习惯。

 

8. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. 它从外边把门打开，便进入花园，然后等候大门关上。

    本句为复合句，as soon as 引导时间状语从句；outside是名词“外部”。Until引导时间状语从句。

 

9. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.昨天，我丈夫拆掉了门，Rex很生气，结果从那时起我们再也没见过它。

    本句为主从复合句，包含省略了that 的so…that…结构，因此，we have not seen him since为结果状语从句。got so annoyed表示变得很生气，强调有一个过程，而不是生气的状态，如果仅强调生气的状态，则用be annoyed。

 

  

三．语法精讲：

 

(一)．目的状语从句：

目的状语从句由that, so that, so, so…that…, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等引导，一般句子中含有情态动词。

 

that（以便）

so that（为了，以便）

so（为了，以便）

so…that…(这样…为的是…)

in order that (formal, 目的在于…，为了，以便)

lest（免得，以免）

for fear that（唯恐，以免（发生危险））

in case（以防）

 

例句：

He arrived at the airport early in order that he wouldn’t miss the plane.

Let’s find out what happened so that we may do better.

 

注意：

1.       so…that…, that引导的目的状语从句不能放在句首，而in order that 引导的目的状语从句则可以放在句首。

In order hat I could teach my students well, I made sufficient preparations.

 

2.       当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，一般还可以用(so as) to来代替so that, 用（in order）to 来代替in order that。

 

3.  lest引导的从句中必须用”should+动词原形。

       I will remind him lest he should forget it.

 

4.       for fear that 引导的从句常用“should, would + 动词原形。

He saved the document safely for fear that it would be lost.

 

5.       当目的状语从句的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，也可用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。

I came early in order that we could talk with each other.

I came early (in order) for us to talk with each other.

 

(二)．to, in order to, so as to（不放在句首）作目的状语，表示目的，意思是“为了”，“以便”。

例句：

To be a student in a good university, my daughter studied hard when she was in her senior high school.

In order to be a student in a good university, my daughter studied hard when she was in her senior high school.

My daughter studied hard when she was in her senior high school so as to be a student in a good university.