There be 句型
1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构:
There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数名词+地点状语
例:There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There are+复数名词+地点状语
例:There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。
There are many flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。
there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。
注意:句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
3. There be句型与have的区别:
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。
①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
4. There be 句型转换
变脸一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。not any强调一个都没有。
1. There are not any books in the bag.=There are no books in the bag.
2. There are no students in the classroom.=There are not any students in the classroom.
3. There is not any milk in the bottle.=There is no milk in the bottle.
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
变脸二:一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\"调整法\"。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧: There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
变脸三:特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\";当主语是物时,用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如
There are many things over there. →What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?\"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
5. There be 的一般将来时
结构: There + will +be+名词+其他。
There +is/are going to+be +名词+其他。
There will be a book show in the playground tomorrow.=There is going to be a book show in the playground tomorrow.
There won't be many books in the room next time.= There are not going to be many books in the room next time.
have,has
一.1.表示:某人或某物“拥有”什么东西,强调“所属关系”,而且某人某物作为句子的主语。
2.have用在人称I,we,you,they和复数的人或物后面。has用在人称he, she, it和单数和人或物后面。
I have a daughter. He has a lucky dog.
二、have的搭配
1.“have + 表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“用餐”。如:have breakfast吃早餐,have lunch吃午饭,have supper吃晚饭。
2.“have + 表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃;喝”。如:have (some) bread吃面包,have eggs (for breakfast) (早餐)吃鸡蛋,have (a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。
3.“have + 表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的名词同义。如:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a drink (of...)喝一点(……)
have a look (at ...)(朝……)看一眼
4.“have + 表示某种活动的名词”,意为“进行,举行”。如:
have a class (学生) 上课 have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
三、have/ has的用法:
1) 谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. You have a new English teacher.
It has two big eyes. Julie and Jack have a nice car.
2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop.
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
She does not have a sister. We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?--No, they don’t. 不,他们的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?--Yes, he does. 他有的。
练习题
一.选择题
1. There are _____ days in a week.A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven
2.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy som e peas,carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs
3.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
4.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred
5.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.A.many B.a few Cmuch Dfew
6.—Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.—It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
7.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.A.was B.will be Cwill have D.are going to be
8.There _____ a football gam e in our school.A.has B.will have C.will be
9.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have;on B.be;on C.have;for D.be;of
10.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.A.any B.some C.No
11. _____ he have a pencil case ? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
12. I ___ a football, and Jiamin _____ a basketball.
A. have, have B. has, has C. have, has D. has, have
13. Does he have a computer? No, he ______. A. doesn’t B. don’t C. hasn’t D. haven’t
14. Mr White ____ two children. A. doesn’t have B. have C. doesn’t has D. don’t have
15. Does Tom _____ any erasers ? Yes, he ______ some.
A. have, have B. has, has C. have, has D. has, have
16. Many people _____ computers now . A. have B. has C. are
17. They ____ some oranges .A. have B. has C. are there
18._____ you got a card? A. Have B. has C. Are there
19._______ any teachers in the office? A. Have B. has C. Are there
20.Is there a goose in the river? _____________.A. Yes ,he is B. No, it isn't . C. Yes,there is.
21. Are there any maps on the wall? ___
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are.
22. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk
23. There aren’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one. A. any B. some C. many D. much
24. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
25. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
二、用恰当的be动词填空。
1.There a lot of sweets in the box. 2.There some milk in the glass.
3.There some people under the big tree 4 There a picture and a map on the wall.
5.There a box of rubbers near the books. 6.There lots of flowers in our garden last year.
7.There a plate of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
8.There four cups of coffee on the table.
三、用“have,has” “there is , there are” 或者“is there , are there”填空。
1. I ______ a good father and a good mother. 2. ___________ a book on the desk.
3. He ________ a tape-recorder. 4. ____________ a basketball in the playground.
5. She ________ some dresses. 6. They _________ a nice garden.
7. What do you _________ ? 8. _____________ a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike _________ ? 10. _____________ any books in the bag?
11. My father _______ a story-book. 12. ______________ a story-book on the table.
13. ______________ any flowers in the garden? 14. How many students _________ in the classroom?
15. My parents _________ some nice pictures. 16. ____________ some maps on the wall.
17. _____________ a map of the world on the wall. 18. David ________ a car.
19. David’s friends ___________ some dogs. 20. _____________ many children on the hill.
21.Our teacher _________ an English book. 22.Our teachers _________ a basketball.
23.Their parents __________ some story books. 24.Nancy _______ many skirts.
25.David ________ some jackets. 26.My friends ________ a football.
27.What do you ________ ? 28.What does Mike ________ ?
29.What do your friends _________ ? 30.What does Helen _________ ?
31.His brother _______ a basketball. 32.Her sister _______ a nice doll.
33.Miss Li ________ an English book.
四.按要求完成句子
1. There are not any cats in my family.=_________________________________________
2. There is not any milk in the bottle.=_________________________________________
3. There are no teachers in the school.=_________________________________________
4. 冰箱有很多水果。
5. 树上有两个风筝和一只鸟。
树上有一只鸟和两个风筝。
6.书桌里有三本故事书和一个书包。
7. 树上没有三个苹果但是有三个风筝。(注意in the tree和on the tree(长在树上)的区别。
8. 家里没有人。
9. They have a lot of flowers.(否定,一般,作答)
10. There are some boys in our class.(同上)
11. His aunt has a new TV.(提问)
12. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
13. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture.
14. 里面还有其他的东西吗?_____ _____ anything else in it?
15. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.
16. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
17. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
= Jim ___ _____ ____ in ____bag.
五.句型转换:
1. There is a woman near the house.(变复数)
2. There are some little girls near the hill.(否定,提问)
3. There are some apples in the tree.(变一般问句)
4. There are a lot of oranges in the glass.(否定,提问)
5. Is there a baby in the room?(变复数)
6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____ in the garden?
六.there be 与have区别专练。
1. This desk _____ four legs. 2. ______ some books on the desk.
3. Everyone ______ a dictionary in my class. 4. _______ (没有) knives in the room.
5. I _____ a new sweater. 6. ______ some flowers and a desk in the room.
7. ______ nothing in the bag. 8. They ______ something to eat.
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