got和gotten的区别
(2013-07-30 09:40:58)
标签:
动词用法教育 |
分类: 动词用法 |
简单地说:got 和 gotten 都是 get 的过去分词,但 got 主要用于英国英语,gotten
主要用于美国英语(而且主要见于口语或非正式文体,在书面语和正式语言中人们仍倾向于用 got 作过去分词)。
have got 和 have gotten 在意义上有两种可能:
一是构成动词 get 的完成式(现在完成时、过去完成时以及情态动词后接的完成式),二是表示“有”“拥有”之类的意思。
1.用于get的完成式用法
(1)从他的角度来看,他本应得到这份工作。
英:From his standpoint, he should have got the job.
美:From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job.
(2)他们一定是迷路了,否则现在他们应该到了。
英:They must have got lost or they’d be here by now.
美:They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now.
(3)如果今天早上我起来早一点,我可能不会迟到。
英:If I had got up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
美:If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
2.表示“有”“拥有”等的用法:
(1)表示“有”“拥有”:
我身上没有钱。
英:I have (got) no money with me / on me.
美:I have (gotten) no money with me / on me.
真幸运,汤姆有一辆汽车。
英:It’s lucky that Tom has (got) a car.
美:It’s lucky that Tom has (gotten) a car.
(2) 表示“有…要(做)”“必须(做)”:
今晚我有很多事要做。
英:I have (got) a lot of things to do tonight.
美:I have (gotten) a lot of things to do tonight.
(3)(用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或发生了某事):
有两位房客和他同住。
英:He has (got) two tenants living with him.
美:He has (gotten) two tenants living with him.
表示“获得”“使役”时,仍是英国英语用 got,美国英语用 gotten。用 got 的例子就不说了,因为这样的用法,书上到处都是。下面举两个美国英语用 gotten 的例子:
From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job. 从他的角度来看,他本应获得这份工作的。
He used his credit card too freely and has gotten himself into a fix with high payments. 他的信用卡用的太随意了,结果自己陷入了要支付高额款项地困境。
have got 和 have gotten 在意义上有两种可能:
一是构成动词 get 的完成式(现在完成时、过去完成时以及情态动词后接的完成式),二是表示“有”“拥有”之类的意思。
1.用于get的完成式用法
(1)从他的角度来看,他本应得到这份工作。
英:From his standpoint, he should have got the job.
美:From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job.
(2)他们一定是迷路了,否则现在他们应该到了。
英:They must have got lost or they’d be here by now.
美:They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now.
(3)如果今天早上我起来早一点,我可能不会迟到。
英:If I had got up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
美:If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
2.表示“有”“拥有”等的用法:
(1)表示“有”“拥有”:
我身上没有钱。
英:I have (got) no money with me / on me.
美:I have (gotten) no money with me / on me.
真幸运,汤姆有一辆汽车。
英:It’s lucky that Tom has (got) a car.
美:It’s lucky that Tom has (gotten) a car.
(2) 表示“有…要(做)”“必须(做)”:
今晚我有很多事要做。
英:I have (got) a lot of things to do tonight.
美:I have (gotten) a lot of things to do tonight.
(3)(用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或发生了某事):
有两位房客和他同住。
英:He has (got) two tenants living with him.
美:He has (gotten) two tenants living with him.
表示“获得”“使役”时,仍是英国英语用 got,美国英语用 gotten。用 got 的例子就不说了,因为这样的用法,书上到处都是。下面举两个美国英语用 gotten 的例子:
From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job. 从他的角度来看,他本应获得这份工作的。
He used his credit card too freely and has gotten himself into a fix with high payments. 他的信用卡用的太随意了,结果自己陷入了要支付高额款项地困境。
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